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Leaf toughness as a mechanism of defence against spruce budworm
Arthropod-Plant Interactions ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-31 , DOI: 10.1007/s11829-020-09761-w
Alvaro Fuentealba , Solène Sagne , Gaspar Legendre , Deepa Pureswaran , Éric Bauce , Emma Despland

Toughness of leaves is an important defence mechanism of plants against insect herbivores and is generally linked to leaf fibre content. We explored the anatomical basis and the ecological role of needle toughness as a mechanism of defence against feeding initiation by second-instar spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) emerging from diapause. We first aimed at determining relationships between needle physico-chemical traits and toughness [specific leaf area (SLA), nitrogen, carbon, fibre, and water content, and C/N ratio]. Second, we tested the hypothesis that differences in needle toughness between balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and black spruce (Picea mariana) explain differences in the ability of young budworm to mine into a needle, asking whether nitrogen content or toughness is a better predictor of budworm mining success. Our results show first that needle toughness correlates with high cellulose content and that SLA is a good proxy. Second, needle toughness is a stronger predictor of mining success (defined as the number of larvae that entered a needle) of young budworm than nitrogen content. Our results suggest that needle toughness can be an important defensive trait in conifers, as suggested by the low mining rate exhibited by second-instar spruce budworm larvae feeding on 1-year-old black spruce foliage. The foliage of this host is tougher and has higher fibre content than balsam fir foliage. Differences in needle toughness, and associated differences in resistance to folivores, might be an important component in adaptive suites of traits constituting the different life-history strategies of these two sympatric species.

中文翻译:

叶片韧性是对抗云杉芽虫的一种机制

叶片的韧性是植物抵抗昆虫食草动物的重要防御机制,通常与叶片纤维含量有关。我们探究了针头韧度的解剖学基础和生态学作用,将其作为防御由滞育而来的二龄云杉芽虫(Choristoneura fumiferana)引发的进食的防御机制。我们首先旨在确定针的理化特性与韧性之间的关系[比叶面积(SLA),氮,碳,纤维和水含量以及C / N比]。其次,我们测试了以下假设:香脂冷杉(Abies balsamea)和黑云杉(Picea mariana)之间的针头韧性差异)解释幼芽虫进入针头的能力的差异,并询问氮含量或韧性是否更好地预测了芽虫的开采成功。我们的结果首先表明,针头韧性与高纤维素含量相关,并且SLA是一个很好的代表。其次,针刺韧性比氮含量更能预测幼虫的成功采伐(定义为进入针头的幼虫数量)。我们的结果表明,针叶韧度可能是针叶树中的重要防御性状,这是由以1岁黑云杉叶为食的二龄云杉bud虫幼虫表现出的低采伐率所暗示的。该寄主的叶子比苦瓜冷杉的叶子更坚韧,纤维含量更高。针头韧性的差异以及相关的抗叶子味性差异,
更新日期:2020-03-31
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