Mycoremediation holds great potential in remedying toxic environments contaminated with polyaromatic organic pollutants. To harness the natural process for practical applications, understanding the genetic and molecular basis of the remediation process is prerequisite. Compared to known bacterial degradation pathways of aromatic pollutants, however, the fungal degradation system is less studied and understanding of the genetic basis for biochemical activity is still incomplete. In this review, we surveyed recent findings from genomic and transcriptomic approaches to mycoremediation of aromatic pollutants, in company with the genomic basis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation by basidiomycete fungi, Dentipellis sp. KUC8613. Unique features in the fungal degradation of PAHs were outlined by multiple cellular processes: (i) the initial oxidation of recalcitrant contaminants by various oxidoreductases including mono- and dioxygenases, (ii) the following detoxification, and (iii) the mineralization of activated pollutants that are common metabolism in many fungi. Along with the genomic data, the transcriptomic analysis not only posits a full repertoire of inducible genes that are common or specific to metabolize different PAHs but also leads to the discovery of uncharacterized genes with potential functions for bioremediation processes. In addition, the metagenomic study accesses community level of mycoremediation process to seek for the potential species or a microbial consortium in the natural environments. The comprehensive understanding of fungal degradation in multiple levels will accelerate practical application of mycoremediation.

Mycoremediation在补救被多环芳烃有机污染物污染的有毒环境方面具有巨大潜力。为了利用自然过程进行实际应用，必须了解补救过程的遗传和分子基础。但是，与已知的芳香族污染物的细菌降解途径相比，真菌降解系统的研究较少，对生化活性遗传基础的理解仍然不完整。在这篇综述中，我们调查了基因组和转录组学方法对芳香族污染物的介导作用的最新发现，并结合了由担子菌真菌Dentipellis降解多环芳香烃（PAH）的基因组基础sp。KUC8613。多细胞过程概述了PAHs真菌降解的独特特征：（i）难降解污染物通过各种氧化还原酶（包括单加氧酶和双加氧酶）的初始氧化，（ii）随后的解毒，以及（iii）活化污染物的矿化是许多真菌中常见的新陈代谢。连同基因组数据，转录组分析不仅确定了可诱导基因的完整库，这些基因对于代谢不同的PAHs是共同的或特异性的，而且还导致发现了具有生物修复过程潜在功能的未鉴定基因。此外，宏基因组研究进入了mycoremediation过程的社区级别，以寻找自然环境中的潜在物种或微生物群落。