Post-transcriptional control of gene expression allows plants to rapidly adapt to changes in their environment. Under low nitrogen conditions, legume plants engage into a symbiosis with soil bacteria that results in the formation of root nodules, where bacteria are allocated and fix atmospheric nitrogen for the plant's benefit. Recent studies highlighted the importance of small RNA-mediated mechanisms in the control of bacterial infection, nodule organogenesis, and the long-distance signaling that balances plant growth and nodulation. Examples of such mechanisms are shoot-to-root mobile microRNAs and small RNA fragments derived from degradation of bacterial transfer RNAs that repress complementary mRNAs in the host plant. Mechanisms of selective mRNA translation also contribute to rapidly modulate the expression of nodulation genes in a cell-specific manner during symbiosis. Here, the most recent advances made on the regulation of mRNA stability and translatability, and the emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in symbiosis are summarized.

中文翻译：

---

保持或不保持：根瘤共生中的mRNA稳定性和可翻译性。

基因表达的转录后控制使植物能够迅速适应其环境的变化。在低氮条件下，豆类植物与土壤细菌共生，导致根瘤的形成，在根瘤中分配细菌并固定大气中的氮以使植物受益。最近的研究强调了小RNA介导的机制在控制细菌感染，结节器官发生以及平衡植物生长和结瘤的长距离信号传导中的重要性。这样的机制的例子是从茎到根的移动微RNA和衍生自抑制宿主植物中互补mRNA的细菌转移RNA降解的小RNA片段。选择性mRNA翻译的机制还有助于在共生过程中以细胞特异性方式快速调节结节基因的表达。在这里，总结了在调节mRNA稳定性和可翻译性方面的最新进展，以及长的非编码RNA在共生中的新兴作用。