Adolescent Internet addiction is an important social issue entailing extensive use of Internet and smartphones and its side effects. This study identified relevant psychological factors that affect excessive Internet use (EIU) and excessive smartphone use (ESU) in adolescents using structural equation modeling (SEM). A sample of 714 individuals drawn from lists of middle school students in South Korea completed self-administered questionnaires, including Young's Internet Addiction Test (Y-IAT), the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), and various clinical and psychological scales measuring depression, anxiety, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), aggression, expression of anger, and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS)/activation system (BAS). The final model, fitted using SEM, showed that both clinical characteristics, including ADHD symptoms, aggression, expression of anger, depression, and anxiety, and personality characteristics, represented by BIS/BAS, played important roles in the severity of EIU or ESU. In particular, affective components such as depression and anxiety were significantly associated with both EIU and ESU, whereas aggression, the expression of anger, and ADHD symptoms affected only EIU. Furthermore, the association between ESU and EIU was significant. Although personality characteristics measured by the BIS and BAS scores did not have direct effects on addiction, they were associated with clinical features and might be risk factors for addiction. The model revealed significant pathways from personality and clinical features to EIU and ESU in adolescents and informed our basic understanding of the meaningful predictors of these addictions and their direct and indirect influences.

中文翻译：

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青少年人格和临床特征与过度使用互联网和智能手机的关联：一种结构方程建模方法。

青少年互联网成瘾是一个重要的社会问题，需要广泛使用互联网和智能手机及其副作用。这项研究使用结构方程模型（SEM）确定了影响青少年过度使用Internet（EIU）和过度使用智能手机（ESU）的相关心理因素。从韩国中学生名单中抽取的714个人样本完成了自我管理的调查问卷，包括杨氏互联网成瘾测试（Y-IAT），智能手机成瘾量表（SAS）以及各种测量抑郁，焦虑的临床和心理量表，注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD），攻击性，愤怒表达和行为抑制系统（BIS）/激活系统（BAS）。使用SEM拟合的最终模型显示出两种临床特征，BIS / BAS所代表的包括ADHD症状，攻击性，愤怒，沮丧和焦虑的表达以及人格特征在EIU或ESU的严重程度中发挥了重要作用。特别是，情绪低落和焦虑等情绪成分与EIU和ESU均显着相关，而侵略性，愤怒的表达和ADHD症状仅影响EIU。此外，ESU和EIU之间的关联非常重要。尽管通过BIS和BAS评分衡量的人格特征对成瘾没有直接影响，但它们与临床特征相关，可能是成瘾的危险因素。