The nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) containing (NLR) proteins are intracellular immune receptors that sense pathogens or stress-associated signals in animals and plants. Direct or indirect binding of these stimuli to NLRs results in formation of higher-order large protein complexes termed inflammasomes in animals and resistosomes in plants to mediate immune signaling. Here we focus on plant NLRs and discuss the activation mechanism of the ZAR1 resistosome from Arabidopsis thaliana. We also outline the analogies and differences between the ZAR1 resistosome and the NLR inflammasomes, and discuss how the structural and biochemical information available on these two large types of protein complexes sheds light on signaling mechanisms of other plant NLRs.

中文翻译：

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抗性体和炎性体：介导先天免疫的平台。

含有核苷酸结合域 (NBD) 和富含亮氨酸重复 (LRR) 的 (NLR) 蛋白是细胞内免疫受体，可感知动物和植物中的病原体或应激相关信号。这些刺激与 NLR 的直接或间接结合导致在动物中形成称为炎症小体的高级大蛋白复合物，在植物中形成抵抗体以介导免疫信号传导。在这里，我们专注于植物 NLR，并讨论来自拟南芥的 ZAR1 抗性体的激活机制。我们还概述了 ZAR1 抗性体和 NLR 炎性体之间的类比和差异，并讨论了这两种大型蛋白质复合物的结构和生化信息如何揭示其他植物 NLR 的信号传导机制。