The purpose of this study is to collect information on the bacterial resistance to antibiotics of bacteria isolated from urine cultures of patients treated for upper urinary tract calculi. Data of patients with urinary tract infection and urolithiasis were retrospectively reviewed to collect information on age, gender, stone size, location, hydronephrosis, procedure of stone removal and antibiotic treatment, identification and susceptibility of pathogens, symptoms, and infectious complications. A total of 912 patients from 11 centers in 7 countries (Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, North Macedonia, Spain, and Turkey) were studied. Mean age was 54 ± 16 years and M/F ratio 322/590. Out of 946 microbial isolates, the most common were E. coli, Gram-positive, KES group (Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia), Proteus spp., and P. aeruginosa. Carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin showed low resistance rates to E. coli (2.5%, 7%, and 3.6%) and Proteus spp. (7.7%, 16%, and 7.4%), but higher rates were observed with Klebsiella spp., P. aeruginosa, and Gram-positive. Fosfomycin had resistance rates less than 10% to E. coli, 23% to KES group, and 19% to Gram-positive. Amoxicillin/clavulanate, cephalosporins, quinolones, and TMP/SMX showed high resistance rates to most bacterial strains. High rates of antibiotic resistance were observed in patients candidate to stone treatment from South-Eastern Europe. The empirical use of antibiotics with low resistance rates should be reserved to the most serious cases to avoid the increase of multidrug resistant bacteria. Basing on our results, carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam, and amikacin may be a possible option for empiric treatment of urinary stone patients showing systemic symptoms.

这项研究的目的是收集有关从上尿路结石治疗患者的尿液培养物中分离出的细菌对抗生素的细菌抗性的信息。回顾性分析尿路感染和尿路结石病患者的数据，以收集有关年龄，性别，结石大小，位置，肾积水，结石清除和抗生素治疗的程序，病原体的鉴定和易感性，症状以及感染并发症的信息。研究了来自七个国家（保加利亚，希腊，意大利，北马其顿，西班牙和土耳其）的11个中心的912名患者。平均年龄为54±16岁，男/女比为322/590。在946种细菌分离物中，最常见的是大肠杆菌，革兰氏阳性，KES组（克雷伯菌，肠杆菌，沙雷氏菌），变形杆菌属和铜绿假单胞菌。碳青霉烯类，哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和丁胺卡那霉素对大肠杆菌和变形杆菌属的耐药率较低（分别为2.5％，7％和3.6％）。（分别为7.7％，16％和7.4％），但使用克雷伯菌，铜绿假单胞菌和革兰氏阳性的比率更高。磷霉素对大肠杆菌的耐药率低于10％，KES组占23％，革兰氏阳性占19％。阿莫西林/克拉维酸盐，头孢菌素，喹诺酮和TMP / SMX对大多数细菌菌株均显示出高耐药率。在东南欧候选结石的患者中观察到较高的抗生素耐药性。在最严重的情况下，应保留对低耐药率的抗生素的经验性使用，以避免增加对多药耐药的细菌。根据我们的结果，碳青霉烯类，哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和丁胺卡那霉素可能是经验性治疗泌尿系统结石患者的可能选择。