Leafy vegetables are important components of the human diet for providing mineral nutrients. However, due to the tendency of metal accumulation, metal contents of leafy vegetables need not only to be determined but also estimated health risk for revealing possible health effects on humans. The aims of this study are (I) to examine comprehensive concentrations of trace/heavy metals along with some macroelements including Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn in selected leafy vegetables from Kyrgyzstan; (II) to assess recommended dietary allowances (RDA); and (III) to evaluate hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk estimation with associated vegetable consumption. For this purpose, B, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn elements were quantified, utilizing an ICP-OES instrument, in 18 samples belonging to 12 different groups of leafy vegetables including celery, Chinese parsley, dill, garden sorrel, lettuce, parsley, purple basil, spinach, and white-red-napa cabbage collected from different bazaars of Kyrgyzstan. Average elemental contents of the analyzed vegetables were determined (in mg kg-1) as follows: B (3.21-64.79), Ca (852.51-17,183.20), Cd (0.015-0.09), Cu (6.08-63.47), Fe (116.52-768.66), K (2347.04-17,305.42), Mg (136.34-1261.11), Na (54.75-526.42), Ni (0.09-1.3), Pb (1.91-9.54), and Zn (29.49-314.93). Estimated daily intake, recommended daily allowance, hazard quotients, and carcinogenic risk values of the vegetables were calculated with the help of these results. In considering HQ values, Chinese cabbage was determined to be safe for the consumption of both genders whereas parsley to be safe for only males. Based on the carcinogenic risk calculation, most of the vegetables examined in this study were categorized as moderately risky. It was inferred from the given results that airborne pollution has impaired/increased the mineral contents of vegetables for both genders. The findings obtained from this study were compared with international standards and will contribute to the data available on a global scale.

中文翻译：

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吉尔吉斯斯坦销售的常用叶类蔬菜的矿物质营养状况和重金属含量的环境损害：健康风险评估案例研究。

叶类蔬菜是人类饮食的重要组成部分，可提供矿物质营养。然而，由于金属积累的趋势，叶类蔬菜的金属含量不仅需要确定，还需要估计健康风险，以揭示可能对人类健康产生的影响。本研究的目的是 (I) 检测来自特定叶类蔬菜的痕量/重金属以及一些宏量元素的综合浓度，包括 Ca、Cd、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、Pb 和 Zn。吉尔吉斯斯坦；(II) 评估推荐膳食津贴 (RDA)；(III) 评估与蔬菜消费相关的危害商数 (HQ) 和致癌风险估计。为此，使用 ICP-OES 仪器对 B、Ca、Cd、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、Pb 和 Zn 元素进行定量，来自吉尔吉斯斯坦不同集市的芹菜、香菜、莳萝、酸模、生菜、香菜、紫罗勒、菠菜、白菜等12类叶菜类18个样品。所分析蔬菜的平均元素含量（以 mg kg-1 计）测定如下：B (3.21-64.79)、Ca (852.51-17,183.20)、Cd (0.015-0.09)、Cu (6.08-63.47)、Fe (116.52) -768.66)、K (2347.04-17,305.42)、Mg (136.34-1261.11)、Na (54.75-526.42)、Ni (0.09-1.3)、Pb (1.91-9.54) 和 Zn (219)。314 在这些结果的帮助下，计算了蔬菜的估计每日摄入量、推荐每日允许量、危害商数和致癌风险值。在考虑 HQ 值时，确定大白菜对两性食用都是安全的，而欧芹仅对男性食用是安全的。根据致癌风险计算，本研究中检查的大多数蔬菜被归类为中等风险。从给定的结果推断，空气污染已经损害/增加了男女蔬菜的矿物质含量。从这项研究中获得的结果与国际标准进行了比较，并将有助于在全球范围内提供数据。