BACKGROUND Curculionid beetles associated with willow (Salix spp.) were surveyed at 42 sites across Europe, from Greece (lat. 38.8 °N) to arctic Norway (lat. 69.7 °N). DNA sequence data provide additional verification of identifications and geographic clustering. NEW INFORMATION In all, 73 curculionid species were collected from willows, of which seven were particularly abundant. The most widespread species were: Acalyptus carpini Fabricius, 1793 at 15 sites; Tachyerges stigma Germar, 1821 at 13 sites; Phyllobius oblongus (Linnaeus, 1758) at 11 sites; Phyllobius maculicornis Germar, 1824 at 10 sites; and Archarius salicivorus (Paykull, 1792), Melanapion minimum (Herbst, 1797), and Phyllobius cf. pyri (Linnaeus, 1758) all at nine sites. The mean number of curculionid species collected on willow at each site was 5.5 (range 0-14). Compared to chrysomelids, curculionids were richer in species but the species had relatively low average abundance. Widespread curculionid species appear to have scattered and patchy observed distributions with limited geographical structuring in our data. However, deeper sampling (e.g. over multiple seasons and years), would give a better indication of distribution, and may increase apparent geographical structuring. There is some site-to-site variation in colour in a few taxa, but little notable size variation. DNA barcoding, performed on some of the more common species, provides clear species clusters and definitive separation of the taxonomically more challenging species, as well as some interesting geographic insights. Our northernmost sample of Phyllobius oblongus is unique in clustering with Canadian samples of this species. On the other hand, our samples of Acalyptus carpini cluster with European samples and are distinct from a separate Canadian cluster of this species. We provide the first available DNA sequences for Phyllobius thalassinus Gyllenhal, 1834 (Hungary).

中文翻译：

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欧洲的柳条横断面：从希腊到北极挪威的柳树相关象鼻虫（鞘翅目：Curculionoidea）的记录，来自 DNA 条形码的见解。

背景 在从希腊（北纬 38.8°）到北极挪威（北纬 69.7°）的 42 个地点对与柳树（Salix spp.）相关的仙人掌甲虫进行了调查。DNA 序列数据提供了对鉴定和地理聚类的额外验证。新信息 总共从柳树中采集了 73 种 curculionid 物种，其中 7 种特别丰富。分布最广的物种是：Acalyptus carpini Fabricius，1793 年，分布于 15 个地点；Tachyerges stigma Germar，1821 年在 13 个地点；Phyllobius oblongus (Linnaeus, 1758) 在 11 个地点；Phyllobius maculicornis Germar，1824 年，10 个地点；和 Archarius salicivorus (Paykull, 1792), Melanapion minimum (Herbst, 1797), and Phyllobius cf. pyri (Linnaeus, 1758) 都在九个地点。在每个地点的柳树上收集的 curculionid 物种的平均数量为 5.5（范围 0-14）。与菊科动物相比，curculionids 的物种更丰富，但该物种的平均丰度相对较低。在我们的数据中，广泛分布的 curculionid 物种似乎具有分散和零散的观察分布，地理结构有限。然而，更深入的抽样（例如多个季节和年份）将更好地表明分布，并可能增加明显的地理结构。一些分类群的颜色存在一些站点到站点的变化，但几乎没有显着的大小变化。对一些更常见的物种进行的 DNA 条形码提供了清晰的物种集群和分类学上更具挑战性的物种的明确分离，以及一些有趣的地理见解。我们最北端的 Phyllobius oblongus 样本在与加拿大该物种样本的聚类中是独一无二的。另一方面，我们的 Acalyptus carpini 样本与欧洲样本聚集在一起，与该物种的一个单独的加拿大集群不同。我们为 Phyllobius thalassinus Gyllenhal，1834 年（匈牙利）提供了第一个可用的 DNA 序列。