The vacuole is indispensable for cells to maintain their water potential and to respond to environmental changes. Nevertheless, investigations of vacuole morphology and its functions have been limited to Arabidopsis thaliana with few studies in the model crop rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we report the establishment of bright rice vacuole fluorescent reporter systems using OsTIP1;1, a tonoplast water channel protein, fused to either an enhanced green fluorescent protein or an mCherry red fluorescent protein. We used the corresponding transgenic rice lines to trace the vacuole morphology in roots, leaves, anthers, and pollen grains. Notably, we observed dynamic changes in vacuole morphologies in pollen and root epidermis that corresponded to their developmental states as well as vacuole shape alterations in response to abiotic stresses. Our results indicate that the application of our vacuole markers may aid in understanding rice vacuole function and structure across different tissues and environmental conditions in rice.

中文翻译：

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明亮的荧光液泡标记线可在水稻的多个组织和胁迫条件下追踪液泡。

液泡对于细胞维持其水势和响应环境变化是必不可少的。然而，对空泡形态及其功能的研究仅限于拟南芥，很少在模型作物稻（Oryza sativa）中进行研究。在这里，我们报告了使用OsTIP1; 1（一种液泡膜水通道蛋白）与增强的绿色荧光蛋白或mCherry红色荧光蛋白融合而建立的亮米液泡荧光报告系统。我们使用了相应的转基因水稻品系来追踪根，叶，花药和花粉粒中的液泡形态。值得注意的是，我们观察到与它们的发育状态相对应的花粉和根表皮中液泡形态的动态变化，以及响应非生物胁迫的液泡形状变化。