In many if not all situations humans are engaged in more than one activity at the same time, that is, they multitask. In laboratory situations, even the combination of two simple motor tasks generally yields performance decrements in one or both tasks, compared with corresponding single task conditions. In contemporary models of dual tasking, these dual task costs are attributed to a capacity-limited stage of mentally specifying required responses. Ideomotor theory suggests that the generation of responses is a process of specifying goals, that is, desired future perceptual states (= effect anticipation). Based on this, we argue that effect anticipation is the process responsible for dual task costs. We substantiate this suggestion with results from several lines of research, showing that (a) effect anticipation coincides with a capacity-limited process in dual task experiments, (b) no dual task costs arise if no effects are to be anticipated in one of the tasks, (c) dual task costs vary as a function of a how well effects from two tasks fit together, and (d) monitoring the occurrence of effects also adds additional costs. These results are discussed in a common framework and in relation to other observations and fields. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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从目标的角度来看双重任务。

在许多情况下，如果不是所有情况，人类都会同时从事一项以上的活动，也就是说，他们同时处理多项任务。在实验室情况下，与相应的单一任务条件相比，即使是两个简单的运动任务的组合通常也会在一项或两项任务中产生性能下降。在当代双重任务模型中，这些双重任务成本归因于心理指定所需响应的能力有限阶段。观念运动理论表明，反应的产生是一个指定目标的过程，即期望的未来感知状态（=效果预期）。基于此，我们认为效果预期是负责双重任务成本的过程。我们用几条研究的结果证实了这个建议，表明（a）效果预期与双任务实验中的容量受限过程一致，（b）如果在其中一项任务中没有预期效果，则不会产生双任务成本，（c）双任务成本随函数变化两个任务的效果如何结合在一起，以及 (d) 监控效果的发生也会增加额外的成本。这些结果在一个共同的框架中讨论，并与其他观察和领域有关。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。这些结果在一个共同的框架中讨论，并与其他观察和领域有关。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。这些结果在一个共同的框架中讨论，并与其他观察和领域有关。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。