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Fatty acid metabolism and modifications in Chironomus riparius
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-06-14 , DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0643
Ursula Strandberg 1 , Jussi Vesterinen 1 , Timo Ilo 1 , Jarkko Akkanen 1 , Miina Melanen 1 , Paula Kankaala 1
Affiliation  

A priori knowledge of fatty acid modifications in consumers is essential for studies using fatty acids as biomarkers. We investigated fatty acid metabolism and possible modification pathways in benthic invertebrate Chironomus riparius larvae (Diptera). We conducted diet manipulation experiments using natural food sources (two chlorophyte algae, a diatom and a non-toxic cyanobacterium). We also did a diet-switch experiment on two different resources, fish food flakes TetraMin ® and cyanobacterium Spirulina , to study fatty acid turnover in Chironomus . Results of the diet manipulation experiments indicate that Chironomus larvae have a strong tendency to biosynthesize 20:5n-3 and 20:4n-6 from precursor fatty acids, and that the dietary availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) does not control larval growth. Fatty acid modifications explain why low dietary availability of PUFA did not significantly limit growth. This has ecologically relevant implications on the role of benthic chironomids in conveying energy to upper trophic level consumers. A diet-switch experiment showed that the turnover rate of fatty acids in Chironomus is relatively fast––a few days. The compositional differences of algal diets were large enough to separate Chironomus larvae into distinct groups even if significant modification of PUFA was observed. In summary, fatty acids are excellent dietary biomarkers for Chironomus , if modifications of PUFA are considered, and will provide high-resolution data on resource use. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The next horizons for lipids as ‘trophic biomarkers': evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.

中文翻译:

河岸摇蚊的脂肪酸代谢和修饰

先验了解消费者的脂肪酸修饰对于使用脂肪酸作为生物标志物的研究至关重要。我们研究了底栖无脊椎动物的脂肪酸代谢和可能的修饰途径河岸摇蚊幼虫(双翅目)。我们使用天然食物来源(两种叶绿藻、一种硅藻和一种无毒蓝细菌)进行了饮食控制实验。我们还对两种不同的资源进行了饮食转换实验:鱼食片 TetraMin®和蓝藻螺旋藻,研究脂肪酸周转率摇蚊。饮食控制实验的结果表明摇蚊幼虫具有从前体脂肪酸生物合成 20:5n-3 和 20:4n-6 的强烈倾向,并且膳食中多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) 的可用性并不能控制幼虫的生长。脂肪酸修饰解释了为什么膳食中多不饱和脂肪酸的低利用率并没有显着限制生长。这对于底栖摇蚊在向上层营养级消费者输送能量方面的作用具有生态相关的意义。饮食转换实验表明,脂肪酸的周转率摇蚊相对较快——几天。藻类饮食的成分差异足够大,足以将摇蚊即使观察到 PUFA 发生显着改变,幼虫也会被分成不同的群体。总之,脂肪酸是极好的饮食生物标志物摇蚊,如果考虑对 PUFA 进行修改,并将提供有关资源使用的高分辨率数据。本文是主题“脂质作为‘营养生物标志物’的下一个前景:消费者改变膳食脂肪酸的证据和意义”的一部分。
更新日期:2020-06-14
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