Researchers who study the selection and breeding program criteria for military working dogs aim to help maximize the years of active duty service. Computed tomographic (CT) quantitative phenotyping has been previously described as a method for supporting these research studies. Funnel-shaped lumbar vertebral foramen malformations have been previously described in Labrador retriever military working dogs and proposed to be risk factors for impaired arterial perfusion of nerve tissues during exercise. Articular process dysplasia malformations have been previously described in varying dog breeds and proposed to be risk factors for articular process degenerative joint disease and vertebral foramen stenosis. Aims of this retrospective, cross-sectional study were to describe quantitative CT phenotyping methods for characterizing funnel-shaped lumbar vertebral foramina and articular process dysplasia malformations and to apply these methods in a comparison between groups of German shepherd and Belgian Malinois military working dogs. A military working dog hospital's database was searched for German shepherd and Belgian Malinois dogs aged <6 years that had CT scans of the lumbosacral region during the period of 2008-2016. Observers unaware of CT findings recorded available clinical data for each of the dogs. An observer unaware of clinical data recorded CT measures of funnel-shaped lumbar vertebral foramina and articular process dysplasia malformations for each of dogs and each of the lumbar vertebrae that were available in the scans. A total of 59 dogs were sampled: 41 German shepherd and 18 Belgian Malinois. Articular process dysplasia and funnel-shaped vertebral foramen phenotypic traits were present in both breeds in this sample, with the frequency and quantitative measure of these traits being greater in German shepherd dogs and heavier dogs. Lower weight dogs had a lesser degree of a funnel-shaped foramen at all sampled vertebral locations. A consistent relationship between articular process dysplasia measures and body weight was not seen. Computed tomography measures of funnel shaped vertebral foramina were greater in German shepherd vs. Belgian Malinois dogs at the L7 vertebra (P < 0.01). The CT measures of cranial articular process dysplasia were greater in German shepherd vs. Belgian Malinois dogs at the L4 (P < 0.01) and L5 (P < 0.05) vertebrae.

中文翻译：

---

漏斗形腰椎管的X线断层摄影测量和德国牧羊犬和比利时玛利诺犬军犬之间的关节突发育异常畸形。

研究军事工作犬的选择和繁殖计划标准的研究人员旨在帮助最大化现役年限。以前，计算机断层扫描（CT）定量表型已被描述为支持这些研究的方法。漏斗形的腰椎孔畸形先前已在拉布拉多犬的军用工作犬中描述过，并被认为是运动期间神经组织动脉灌注受损的危险因素。先前已在各种犬种中描述了关节突发育异常畸形，并被认为是关节突变性退化性关节疾病和椎间孔狭窄的危险因素。这次回顾的目的是 这项横断面研究将描述定量CT表型方法，以表征漏斗形的腰椎椎间孔和关节突发育不良畸形，并将这些方法用于德国牧羊犬和比利时玛利诺犬军犬之间的比较。搜索了一家军事工作犬医院的数据库，以查找年龄在6岁以下的德国牧羊犬和比利时玛利诺犬犬，这些犬在2008-2016年期间进行了腰ac区域的CT扫描。观察者不知道CT检查结果记录了每只狗的可用临床数据。一位不了解临床数据的观察者记录了扫描中可用的每只狗和每只腰椎的漏斗状腰椎椎间孔和关节突发育异常畸形的CT测量。总共采样了59条狗：41名德国牧羊犬和18名比利时玛利诺犬。在该样本中，这两个犬种均存在关节突发育异常和漏斗状的椎骨孔表型性状，在德国牧羊犬和较重的狗中，这些性状的频率和定量测量值较高。体重较轻的狗在所有采样的椎骨位置都有较小程度的漏斗形孔。没有观察到关节突发育异常的措施和体重之间的一致关系。在L7椎骨上，德国牧羊犬与比利时Malinois狗的漏斗状椎骨孔眼的计算机断层扫描测量值更高（P <0.01）。在L4（P <0.01）和L5（P <0.05）椎骨上，德国牧羊犬与比利时Malinois狗的颅骨关节发育异常的CT量度较大。在该样本中，这两个犬种均存在关节突发育异常和漏斗状的椎骨孔表型性状，在德国牧羊犬和较重的狗中，这些性状的频率和定量测量值较高。体重较轻的狗在所有采样的椎骨位置都有较小程度的漏斗形孔。没有观察到关节突发育异常的措施和体重之间的一致关系。在L7椎骨上，德国牧羊犬与比利时Malinois狗的漏斗状椎骨孔眼的计算机断层扫描测量值更高（P <0.01）。在L4（P <0.01）和L5（P <0.05）椎骨上，德国牧羊犬与比利时Malinois狗的颅骨关节发育异常的CT量度较大。在该样本中，这两个犬种均存在关节突发育异常和漏斗状的椎骨孔表型性状，在德国牧羊犬和较重的狗中，这些性状的频率和定量测量值较高。体重较轻的狗在所有采样的椎骨位置都有较小程度的漏斗形孔。没有观察到关节突发育异常的措施和体重之间的一致关系。在L7椎骨上，德国牧羊犬与比利时Malinois狗的漏斗状椎骨孔眼的计算机断层扫描测量值更高（P <0.01）。在L4（P <0.01）和L5（P <0.05）椎骨上，德国牧羊犬与比利时Malinois狗的颅骨关节发育异常的CT量度较大。