Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a tetraploid species with an A and B genome, while the majority of wild Arachis species are diploid with distinct genomes. In pre-breeding programs, one way to introgress interesting wild genes into peanut is by producing amphidiploids. This study aimed at the hybridization between distinct amphidiploids and their characterization, to combine high crossability with peanut, observed in some amphidiploids, with high pest and disease resistances observed in others. These new hybrids were called complex hybrids. Four amphidiploids previously obtained were crossed at four different combinations, and the derived complex hybrids were crossed with four peanut cultivars. Morphological, reproductive, chromosome complement, molecular markers for hybrid identification, phytopatological, and entomological characterizations were performed on the complex hybrids. All cross combinations resulted in complex hybrids. One complete complement of each diploid progenitor was confirmed in each hybrid. Plants of six distinct hybrid combinations were obtained between the complex hybrids and peanut. Based on morphological characterization, differences among progenies from distinct cross combinations were observed. Complex hybrids were considered more resistant to all diseases and pests than peanut cultivars. The simultaneous introgression of genes from four wild Arachis species into peanut was possible through the development of complex hybrids.

中文翻译：

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通过开发野生花生的交叉相容性复合杂种转移对花生的多重抗性

摘要 花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）是具有A和B基因组的四倍体物种，而大多数野生花生物种是具有不同基因组的二倍体物种。在预育程序中，将有趣的野生基因渗入花生的一种方法是生产双二倍体。本研究旨在将不同的双二倍体之间的杂交及其表征结合起来，将在某些双二倍体中观察到的与花生的高杂交性与在其他双倍体中观察到的高病虫害抗性相结合。这些新的杂种被称为复杂杂种。先前获得的四种双二倍体以四种不同的组合进行杂交，衍生的复杂杂种与四种花生品种杂交。形态、生殖、染色体互补、杂交鉴定的分子标记、植物病理学、并对复杂的杂种进行昆虫学表征。所有交叉组合导致复杂的杂种。在每个杂种中确认了每个二倍体祖细胞的一个完整互补物。在复杂杂种和花生之间获得了六种不同杂种组合的植株。基于形态特征，观察到来自不同杂交组合的后代之间的差异。人们认为复杂杂种比花生品种对所有病虫害具有更强的抵抗力。通过开发复杂的杂种，可以将来自四种野生花生的基因同时渗入花生中。在复杂杂种和花生之间获得了六种不同杂种组合的植株。基于形态特征，观察到来自不同杂交组合的后代之间的差异。人们认为复杂杂种比花生品种对所有病虫害具有更强的抵抗力。通过开发复杂的杂种，可以将来自四种野生花生的基因同时渗入花生中。在复杂杂种和花生之间获得了六种不同杂种组合的植株。基于形态特征，观察到来自不同杂交组合的后代之间的差异。人们认为复杂杂种比花生品种对所有病虫害具有更强的抵抗力。通过开发复杂的杂种，可以将来自四种野生花生的基因同时渗入花生中。