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Tracking parallel adaptation of shell morphology through geological times in the land snail genus Pupilla (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae)
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 , DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa057
Martin Haase 1 , Stefan Meng 2 , Michal Horsák 3
Affiliation  

Changing environmental conditions force species either to disperse or to adapt locally either genetically or via phenotypic plasticity. Although limits of plasticity can be experimentally tested, the predictability of genetic adaptation is restricted due to its stochastic nature. Nevertheless, our understanding of evolutionary adaptation has been improving in particular through studies of parallel adaptation. Based on molecular phylogenetic inferences and morphological investigations of both recent and fossil shells we tracked the morphological changes in three land snails, Pupilla alpicola, Pupilla loessica and Pupilla muscorum. These species differ in habitat requirements as well as historical and extant distributions with P. alpicola and P. loessica being more similar to each other than to P. muscorum. Therefore, we hypothesized, that the three species reacted independently and individually to the conditions changing throughout the Pleistocene, but expected that changes within P. alpicola and P. loessica would be more similar compared to P. muscorum. Indeed, intraspecific shell shape differences across time were similar in P. alpicola and P. loessica, suggesting that similar niche shifts have led to similar transformations in parallel. In contrast, extant P. muscorum populations were practically identical in shape to their ancestors. They have probably tracked their ecological niches through time.

中文翻译:

通过田螺属Pupilla(Gastropoda:Stylommatophora:Pupillidae)的地质时期跟踪壳形态的平行适应

不断变化的环境条件迫使物种通过遗传或通过表型可塑性扩散或局部适应。尽管可以通过实验测试可塑性的极限,但由于遗传适应性的随机性,其可预测性受到限制。然而,尤其是通过并行适应的研究,我们对进化适应的理解一直在提高。基于分子系统发育推论和最近和化石两个壳的形态学研究,我们跟踪的三个土地蜗牛,形态变化Pupilla alpicolaPupilla loessica白云石虹蛹螺。这些物种的栖息地要求以及历史和现存分布与P. alpicola不同LoessicaLoessica彼此之间的相似程度远胜于muscorum。因此,我们推测,这三个品种独立并单独反应,整个更新世改变条件,但预期在改变P. alpicolaP. loessica会相比更近似于P. muscorum。确实,随着时间的推移,种内壳形状差异在P. alpicolaP. loessica中是相似的,这表明相似的生态位转移已导致相似的平行转化。相反,现存的粘菌种群的形状实际上与其祖先相同。他们可能一直追踪着自己的生态位。
更新日期:2020-06-23
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