Seismic attenuation is measured from a swarm of 50 earthquakes in Kīlauea volcano in 2018, associated with caldera collapse. The traverse extends at nearly constant azimuth to the saddle between Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea, continuing to Maui beneath the distal flanks of three dormant volcanos. From Maui the traverse then extends seaward to the Aloha Cabled Observatory (ACO) on the seafloor north of O‘ahu. The effective attenuation is measured with respect to an |${\omega ^{ - 2}}$| earthquake source model. Frequency dependent |${Q_P}$| and |${Q_S}$| are derived. The initial path is shallow and uphill, the path to Maui propagates at mid-crustal depths, and the path to ACO extends through oceanic crust. The observations of |${Q_P} \le {Q_S}$| over each traverse are modeled as bulk attenuation |${Q_K}$|⁠. Several attenuation processes are observed, including |${Q_\mu }$|⁠, |${Q_K}$|⁠, |$Q \sim f$|⁠, constant Q, and scattering. The observation of bulk attenuation is ascribed to contrasting physical properties between basalt and water saturated vesicles. The ratio of Q values between shallow and mid-crustal propagation is used to derive an activation energy E* for the undetermined shear attenuation mechanism. A Debye relaxation peak is fit to the |${Q_S}( f )$| and |${Q_K}( f )$| observed for the mid-crustal pathway. A prior high-frequency attenuation study (Butler et al., 1987) near Wake Island compares well with this Hawaiian Q dataset, which in general shows lower values of Q than observed for Wake.

中文翻译：

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夏威夷火山下以及延伸至阿罗哈有线天文台的洋壳中的体积，剪切和散射衰减

地震衰减是根据2018年基拉韦厄火山群发生的50次地震（与破火山口倒塌有关）测得的。导线以几乎恒定的方位角延伸到Mauna Loa和Mauna Kea之间的鞍座，并在三个休眠火山的远端侧面下方一直延伸到Maui。导线从毛伊岛然后向海延伸至奥阿胡以北海底的阿罗哈有线天文台（ACO）。有效衰减是针对| $ {\ omega ^ {-2}} $ | 地震源模型。取决于频率| $ {Q_P} $ | 和| $ {Q_S} $ | 派生。初始路径较浅且上坡，通往毛伊岛的路径在中地壳深处传播，而通往ACO的路径则贯穿大洋地壳。| $ {Q_P} \ le {Q_S} $ |的观测值每个导线上的模型都以体积衰减| $ {Q_K} $ |⁠为模型。观察到了几个衰减过程，包括| $ {Q_ \ mu} $ |⁠，| $ {Q_K} $ |⁠，| $ Q \ sim f $ |⁠，常数Q和散射。体积衰减的观察归因于玄武岩和水饱和囊泡之间的物理性质的对比。浅层传播和中地壳传播之间的Q值之比用于得出未确定的剪切衰减机制的活化能E *。Debye松弛峰适合| $ {Q_S}（f）$ | 和| $ {Q_K}（f）$ |观察到了中地壳路径。早先在韦克岛附近进行的高频衰减研究（Butler等人，1987）与该夏威夷Q数据集进行了比较，该数据通常显示出比韦克观测到的Q低。