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X-Chromosome Inactivation during Preimplantation Development and in Pluripotent Stem Cells
Cytogenetic and Genome Research ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.1159/000508610
Paola Rebuzzini , Maurizio Zuccotti , Silvia Garagna

X dosage compensation between XX female and XY male mammalian cells is achieved by a process known as X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). XCI initiates early during preimplantation development in female cells, and it is subsequently stably maintained in somatic cells. However, XCI is a reversible process that occurs in vivo in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, in primordial germ cells or in spermatids during reprogramming. Erasure of transcriptional gene silencing can occur though a mechanism named X-chromosome reactivation (XCR). XCI and XCR have been substantially deciphered in the mouse, whereas they still remain debated in the human. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in the knowledge of X-linked gene dosage compensation during mouse and human preimplantation development and in pluripotent stem cells.

中文翻译:

胚胎植入前发育和多能干细胞中的 X 染色体失活

XX 雌性和 XY 雄性哺乳动物细胞之间的 X 剂量补偿是通过称为 X 染色体失活 (XCI) 的过程实现的。XCI 在雌性细胞的植入前发育早期开始,随后在体细胞中稳定维持。然而,XCI 是一个可逆的过程,在体内发生在胚泡的内细胞团、原始生殖细胞或精子细胞中的重编程过程中。通过称为 X 染色体再激活 (XCR) 的机制,可以消除转录基因沉默。XCI 和 XCR 已经在小鼠中被大量破译,而它们在人类中仍然存在争议。在这篇综述中,我们总结了小鼠和人类植入前发育过程中 X 连锁基因剂量补偿知识以及多能干细胞的最新进展。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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