Spinel LiMn₂O₄, whose electrochemical activity was first reported by Prof. John B. Goodenough's group at Oxford in 1983, is an important cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries that has attracted continuous academic and industrial interest. It is cheap and environmentally friendly, and has excellent rate performance with 3D Li⁺ diffusion channels. However, it suffers from severe degradation, especially under extreme voltages and during high‐temperature operation. Here, the current understanding and future trends of the spinel cathode and its derivatives with cubic lattice symmetry (LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ that shows high‐voltage stability, and Li‐rich spinels that show reversible hybrid anion‐ and cation‐redox activities) are discussed. Special attention is given to the degradation mechanisms and further development of spinel cathodes, as well as concepts of utilizing the cubic spinel structure to stabilize high‐capacity layered cathodes and as robust framework for high‐rate electrodes. “Good spinel” surface phases like LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ are distinguished from “bad spinel” surface phases like Mn₃O₄.

中文翻译：

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锂离子电池用锂锰尖晶石正极

尖晶石型LiMn ₂ O ₄，其电化学活性是1983年由牛津大学的John B. Goodenough教授首次报道的，是锂离子电池的重要正极材料，受到了学术界和工业界的不断关注。它便宜且环保，并具有3D Li ⁺扩散通道的出色速率性能。但是，它会严重退化，尤其是在极端电压下和高温运行期间。在此，对具有尖晶石对称性的尖晶石阴极及其衍生物（LiNi _0.5 Mn _1.5 O ₄讨论了高压稳定性，讨论了可逆的混合阴离子和阳离子氧化还原活性的富锂尖晶石。特别关注尖晶石阴极的降解机理和进一步发展，以及利用立方尖晶石结构稳定高容量分层阴极以及作为高速率电极的坚固框架的概念。像LiNi _0.5 Mn _1.5 O ₄这样的“尖晶石”表面相与像Mn ₃ O ₄这样的“坏尖晶石”表面相是有区别的。