Background

Individuals with diabetes are at a greater risk of hospitalization and mortality resulting from viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread quickly to more than 213 countries and claimed 395,779 lives as of June 7, 2020. Notably, in several studies, diabetes is one of the most reported comorbidities in patients with severe COVID-19.

Scope of review

In this review, I summarize the clinical data on the risk for infectious diseases in individuals with diabetes while highlighting the mechanisms for altered immune regulation. The focus is on coronaviruses. Based on the new clinical data obtained from COVID-19 patients, a discussion of mechanisms, such as cytokine storm, pulmonary and endothelial dysfunction, and hypercoagulation, that may render individuals with diabetes more vulnerable to COVID-19 is provided.

Major conclusions

Epidemiological studies show that poorly controlled diabetes is a risk factor for various infectious diseases. Given the global burden of diabetes and the pandemic nature of coronaviruses, understanding how diabetes affects COVID-19 severity is critical to designing tailored treatments and clinical management of individuals affected by diabetes.

中文翻译：

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糖尿病、感染风险和 COVID-19。

背景

糖尿病患者因病毒、细菌和真菌感染而住院和死亡的风险更大。截至 2020 年 6 月 7 日，由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 引起的 2019 冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 已迅速传播到超过 213 个国家，并夺去了 395,779 人的生命。多项研究表明，糖尿病是严重 COVID-19 患者报告最多的合并症之一。

审查范围

在这篇综述中，我总结了糖尿病患者感染性疾病风险的临床数据，同时强调了免疫调节改变的机制。重点是冠状病毒。根据从 COVID-19 患者获得的新临床数据，对细胞因子风暴、肺和内皮功能障碍以及高凝等可能使糖尿病患者更容易感染 COVID-19 的机制进行了讨论。

主要结论

流行病学研究表明，糖尿病控制不佳是多种传染病的危险因素。鉴于糖尿病的全球负担和冠状病毒的大流行性质，了解糖尿病如何影响 COVID-19 的严重程度对于设计受糖尿病影响的个体的定制治疗和临床管理至关重要。