Abstract Immediate response to fire incidents is critical for emergency management as delays in arrival at the scene can have significant consequences in terms of injury, destruction and death. Yet, increasing urban interface in cities presents a challenge when developing and implementing effective emergency response mechanisms. Therefore, the major concerns of planners is adequately covering all service areas so that fires can be researched within a reasonable response time or distance. The purpose of this study is to examine the geographic distribution of the existing fire stations in Melbourne, Victoria in Australia. This study utilizes location-allocation models combined with the Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine the optimal locations of new fire stations. The results indicate that some districts face with a longer service time. This study recommends where to locate new fire stations and restructure existing locations to increase coverage from 81% to 95% within 5 min response time. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of these results in their capacity to inform policy decisions through the spatial and temporal allocation of finite resources.

中文翻译：

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消防站的空间可达性，以加强墨尔本的运营响应

摘要 对火灾事件的立即响应对于应急管理至关重要，因为到达现场的延误可能会导致人员受伤、破坏和死亡等重大后果。然而，在开发和实施有效的应急响应机制时，增加城市中的城市界面是一个挑战。因此，规划人员的主要关注点是充分覆盖所有服务区域，以便可以在合理的响应时间或距离内研究火灾。本研究的目的是检查澳大利亚维多利亚州墨尔本现有消防站的地理分布。本研究利用位置分配模型结合地理信息系统 (GIS) 来确定新消防站的最佳位置。结果表明，部分地区面临更长的服务时间。该研究建议在何处设置新的消防站并重组现有位置，以在 5 分钟响应时间内将覆盖率从 81% 增加到 95%。最后，我们强调这些结果在通过有限资源的空间和时间分配为政策决策提供信息的能力方面的重要性。