Abstract Olive oil is highly valued by its nutritious and healthy function mainly due to its chemical composition. Oil chemical components are highly influenced by the cultivar and the environment, resulting in some cases in levels out of the limits set by the International Olive Council. In the present research, we used a multi-environment trial with five different agro-climatic conditions of Andalusia to evaluate how genetic and environmental factors and their interactions influence some of the most important olive quality components. Most of variation for olive components according to ANOVA was attributed to genetic effect, which was supported using principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis. For the fatty acids, ‘Arbequina’ showed oils with the highest C16:0 and C18:2 values, and the lowest C18:1. Contrarily, an advanced breeding selection, Selection 2, and ‘Picual’ showed high C18:1 and low C16:0 and C18:2. The minor components varied depending of the genotype, underlining very high squalene values in ‘Carrasqueno’. Even so, the environment and the G x E interactions also resulted highly significant, with some genotype-environment combination unfavourable for oil composition as ‘Arbequina’-Gibraleon. The significant interactions were analysed separately by additive main effects and multiplication interaction to identify the most stable genotypes and adaptations to specific environments. For instance, ‘Arbequina’ showed low stability for C18:1 and C18:2, but very high stability for total tocopherol content and squalene content. These results underline the relevance of using multi-environment trials for adequate characterization of genotypes for oil components.

中文翻译：

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橄榄树油质成分的环境相互作用基因分型

摘要 橄榄油因其营养和健康的功能而备受推崇，这主要是由于其化学成分。油的化学成分受品种和环境的影响很大，导致某些情况下的水平超出国际橄榄理事会设定的限制。在目前的研究中，我们使用了安达卢西亚五种不同农业气候条件的多环境试验来评估遗传和环境因素及其相互作用如何影响一些最重要的橄榄品质成分。根据方差分析，橄榄成分的大部分变化归因于遗传效应，这得到了主成分分析和线性判别分析的支持。对于脂肪酸，“Arbequina”显示的油具有最高的 C16:0 和 C18:2 值，以及最低的 C18:1。相反，高级育种选择、选择 2 和“Picual”显示高 C18:1 和低 C16:0 和 C18:2。微量成分因基因型而异，突出了“Carrasqueno”中非常高的角鲨烯值。即便如此，环境和 G x E 相互作用也产生了非常显着的影响，一些基因型 - 环境组合不利于石油成分，如“Arbequina”-Gibraleon。通过附加主效应和乘法相互作用分别分析显着的相互作用，以确定最稳定的基因型和对特定环境的适应性。例如，“Arbequina”对 C18:1 和 C18:2 显示出低稳定性，但对总生育酚含量和角鲨烯含量显示出非常高的稳定性。