To tackle the ecological crisis with global warming, fossil fuel exhaustion and environmental pollution, “green revolution” was proposed as an integrative upgrading plan to address the sustainability issues related to foods, agriculture, energy and environment. In past decades, technological breakthroughs in rechargeable batteries have shed a light on mobile energy storage for replacing fossil fuel, which further boosted the market of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. With the rapidly increasing demand for rechargeable batteries, concerns are arising associated with the environmental impacts, life cycles and supply chain sustainability of rechargeable batteries. Recently, numerous research and industrial endeavors have been stimulated to investigate the feasibility of producing anode materials from renewable biomass precursors, especially for lithium ion batteries and sodium ion batteries. Biomass is a renewable organic material, and it is the single largest renewable carbon source generated across the globe. Despite of many promising results have been reported, critical issues remain to be analyzed, in particular for those cross-disciplinary problems. There is still lack of knowledge in regard to the chemistry of biomass major components during thermochemical treatments, properties and yields of carbon materials as a function of processing conditions and precursor components, and mechanisms of carbon materials for energy storage and their corresponding electrochemical profiles. In this review, we provide a critical and in-depth analysis to establish the communication between different scientific disciplines of this topic and to elucidate the interplay between agricultural waste biomass science and materials electrochemistry in batteries.

为了解决全球变暖，化石燃料枯竭和环境污染带来的生态危机，提出了“绿色革命”作为一项综合升级计划，以解决与粮食，农业，能源和环境有关的可持续性问题。在过去的几十年中，可充电电池的技术突破为替代化石燃料的移动储能提供了亮点，从而进一步推动了便携式电子设备和电动汽车的市场。随着对可再充电电池的需求迅速增加，与可再充电电池的环境影响，寿命周期和供应链可持续性相关的问题正在引起关注。最近，许多研究和工业活动被激发来研究由可再生生物质前体生产阳极材料的可行性，特别是用于锂离子电池和钠离子电池。生物质是一种可再生的有机材料，它是全球产生的最大的单一可再生碳源。尽管已报告了许多令人鼓舞的结果，但关键问题仍有待分析，尤其是那些跨学科问题。关于热化学处理过程中生物质主要成分的化学，碳材料的性质和收率（取决于加工条件和前体成分）以及碳材料的能量存储机理及其相应的电化学特性，仍然缺乏知识。在这篇评论中