Abstract The elasticity of population growth rate λ is a notable statistic in population projection matrix models and has been used by many empirical researchers. Silvertown and his collaborators published a paper in 1996 in which they mapped elasticity vectors of stasis, growth and fecundity for 84 plant species in a ternary plot and reported that the elasticity vector distribution of semelparous species (10 species) was located in the upper-left region of the ternary plot. To understand and clarify why the elasticity vectors of semelparous species were distributed in the upper-left region, we conducted three analyses. First, we used 68 matrices of semelparous species populations in the COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database and plotted their elasticity vectors in the ternary plot. Second, we constructed randomly generated population projection matrices for three archetypes, where several biological assumptions were made, and obtained their elasticity vector distributions. We showed that the high fecundity and/or immediate death after reproduction shifted the elasticity vector distribution to the upper-left region of the plot. Third, we examined the evolutionary change in the distribution using a population projection matrix model in which the trade-off between fecundity and adult survival was incorporated. The evolutionary trajectory derived from the trade-off model showed that the evolutionary consequence of semelparity was located in the upper-left more than was that of iteroparity in the ternary plot. Synthesizing the results derived from the three analyses, we concluded that the distinctive distribution of the elasticity vectors of semelparous species is the outcome of natural selection under the trade-off with low convexity, and the outcome of the resultant big-bang reproduction and immediate death after reproduction.

中文翻译：

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使用随机生成的种群投影矩阵和 COMPADRE 植物矩阵数据库分析特定于半生种的弹性矢量分布

摘要 人口增长率 λ 的弹性是人口投影矩阵模型中的一个显着统计量，已被许多实证研究人员使用。Silvertown 和他的合作者在 1996 年发表了一篇论文，他们在一个三元图中绘制了 84 种植物的停滞、生长和繁殖力的弹性向量，并报告说半生种（10 种）的弹性向量分布位于左上角三元图的区域。为了理解和阐明为什么半生种的弹性向量分布在左上区域，我们进行了三项分析。首先，我们使用了 COMPADRE 植物矩阵数据库中的 68 个半生种种群矩阵，并在三元图中绘制了它们的弹性向量。第二，我们为三个原型构建了随机生成的人口投影矩阵，其中做出了几个生物学假设，并获得了它们的弹性向量分布。我们表明繁殖后的高繁殖力和/或立即死亡将弹性向量分布转移到图的左上角区域。第三，我们使用人口预测矩阵模型检查了分布的进化变化，其中纳入了繁殖力和成虫存活率之间的权衡。由权衡模型得出的进化轨迹表明，在三元图中，半等性的进化结果比迭代性的进化结果更多地位于左上角。综合三个分析得出的结果，