Abstract This study describes the synthesis of exfoliation of graphitic-carbon nitride (g-C3N4) using thermal polymerization technique followed by sonochemical method. The as-prepared g-C3N4 was characterized by various techniques, such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) to investigate the structural and morphology of g-C3N4. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements were demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic activity of exfoliated g-C3N4 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) towards flutamide (FLT) detection which affords from their superior conductivity, porous structure, and large accessible surface area. It is evident from the comparison study of bulk g-C3N4, the exfoliated g-C3N4 was greatly exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic performance for electrochemical detection of FLT than the bulk g-C3N4. The DPV results of exfoliated g-C3N4/GCE for electrochemical detection of FLT reveals low detection limit (LOD) of 0.05 μM and sensitivity of 1.166 μA μM−1 cm−2 towards wide linear range of 2–1208 μM. Finally, the modified electrode also showed excellent selectivity, and reproducibility, which accessed as a potential for the electrochemical detection of FLT in environmental samples.

中文翻译：

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声化学剥离石墨-碳氮化物用于环境样品中氟他胺的电化学检测

摘要 本研究描述了使用热聚合技术和声化学方法合成石墨-氮化碳 (g-C3N4) 剥离。所制备的 g-C3N4 通过各种技术进行表征，例如 X 射线粉末衍射 (XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FT-IR)、具有能量色散 X 射线分析的扫描电子显微镜 (SEM-EDS)和透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 来研究 g-C3N4 的结构和形貌。循环伏安法 (CV) 和微分脉冲伏安法 (DPV) 测量表明，剥离的 g-C3N4 修饰的玻碳电极 (GCE) 对氟他胺 (FLT) 检测具有优异的电催化活性，这得益于其优异的导电性、多孔结构和大的可接近性表面积。从块体g-C3N4的比较研究中可以明显看出，剥离的g-C3N4比块体g-C3N4在FLT电化学检测中表现出显着增强的电催化性能。用于 FLT 电化学检测的剥离 g-C3N4/GCE 的 DPV 结果显示低检测限 (LOD) 为 0.05 μM，灵敏度为 1.166 μA μM-1 cm-2，对 2-1208 μM 的宽线性范围。最后，修饰电极还表现出优异的选择性和重现性，这成为环境样品中 FLT 电化学检测的潜力。用于 FLT 电化学检测的剥离 g-C3N4/GCE 的 DPV 结果显示低检测限 (LOD) 为 0.05 μM，灵敏度为 1.166 μA μM-1 cm-2，对 2-1208 μM 的宽线性范围。最后，修饰电极还表现出优异的选择性和重现性，这成为环境样品中 FLT 电化学检测的潜力。用于 FLT 电化学检测的剥离 g-C3N4/GCE 的 DPV 结果显示低检测限 (LOD) 为 0.05 μM，灵敏度为 1.166 μA μM-1 cm-2，对 2-1208 μM 的宽线性范围。最后，修饰电极还表现出优异的选择性和重现性，这成为环境样品中 FLT 电化学检测的潜力。