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Edge effects and human disturbance influence soil physical and chemical properties in Sacred Church Forests in Ethiopia
Plant and Soil ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 , DOI: 10.1007/s11104-020-04595-0
Catherine L. Cardelús , Amare Bitew Mekonnen , Kelsey H. Jensen , Carrie L. Woods , Mabel C. Baez , Martha Montufar , Kathryn Bazany , Berhanu Abraha Tsegay , Peter R. Scull , William H. Peck

Aims Tropical forests are increasingly threatened by edge effects as forest degradation and deforestation continues, compromising soil integrity, seedling regeneration capacity, and ecosystem services. Ninety-three percent of the last remaining forests of northern Ethiopia, which number 1022 in the South Gondar region of our study, are <16 ha and are protected because they have a Tewahido Orthodox Christian church at their center. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of human disturbance, forest size, distance from population center and other factors on the soil properties and nutrient status of sacred church forests. We also compared forest soil physical and chemical properties across land cover types in these forests. Methods We assessed the soil physical (water content and bulk density) and chemical (total carbon and nitrogen, available phosphorus, ammonium) properties of 40 sacred church forests across three spatial scales: within individual forests; among forests; and across land cover type (forest, forest edge-exterior, Eucalyptus plantation). We used distance from the edge within each forest to examine edge effects on soil nutrients. Results We found that nutrients and carbon decreased significantly from the interior to the outer edge of these forests and with forest size. Further, the soil of Eucalyptus plantations and areas outside of the forest were largely indistinguishable; both had significantly lower nutrient concentrations than sacred church forest soil. Conclusion Our research highlights the insidious impacts of edge effects and human disturbance on forest soils and the need for an integrated soil management program in the region that balances local needs with forest conservation. The conservation of these sacred church forests is important for maintaining regional soil nutrient status relative to agricultural lands and Eucalyptus plantations.

中文翻译:

埃塞俄比亚圣教堂森林边缘效应和人为干扰影响土壤理化性质

目标 随着森林退化和森林砍伐的继续,热带森林越来越受到边缘效应的威胁,损害了土壤完整性、幼苗再生能力和生态系统服务。在我们研究的南贡德尔地区,埃塞俄比亚北部最后剩余的森林中有 93% 的森林面积小于 16 公顷,并且受到保护,因为它们的中心有一座 Tewahido 东正教教堂。本研究的目的是确定人类干扰、森林大小、距人口中心的距离和其他因素对神圣教堂森林的土壤特性和养分状况的影响。我们还比较了这些森林中不同土地覆盖类型的森林土壤物理和化学特性。方法 我们评估了土壤物理(含水量和容重)和化学(总碳和氮,3 个空间尺度上的 40 个神圣教堂森林的有效磷、铵)特性:在单个森林内;森林之间;和跨土地覆盖类型(森林、森林边缘-外部、桉树人工林)。我们使用距每个森林边缘的距离来检查边缘对土壤养分的影响。结果我们发现养分和碳从这些森林的内部到外部边缘以及森林规模显着减少。此外,桉树种植园的土壤和森林以外的地区在很大程度上无法区分。两者的养分浓度都明显低于圣堂森林土壤。结论 我们的研究强调了边缘效应和人为干扰对森林土壤的潜在影响,以及该地区需要一个综合土壤管理计划,以平衡当地需求与森林保护。保护这些神圣的教堂森林对于维持与农田和桉树种植园相关的区域土壤养分状况很重要。
更新日期:2020-06-23
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