Most modifications of wool focused on its surface due to the existence of the cuticle scales. For instance, chlorination, oxidation and protease treatments were used to break down or remove the scales. However, these modifications usually severely damaged the internal structure of wool. In this paper, a novel approach based on surface micro-dissolution was employed to modify the surface of wool to minimize the internal damage of wool, and improve the surface-related properties of wool. The micro-dissolution system used NaHSO₃/urea to dissolve the scale layer of wool. After being micro-dissolved with NaHSO₃/urea system, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fluorescence microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the Allwörden reaction were utilized to characterize the treated wool. Furthermore, felting shrinkage, strength loss and wettability of the treated wool were determined. The results showed that NaHSO₃/urea system could dissolve the scale layer from outside to inside. The fluorescence microscopic images further indicated that low concentration of NaHSO₃/urea system can dissolve the surface of wool without the serious damage of internal structure. Moreover, the micro-dissolution system can be controlled to dissolve the scale layer on the surface of wool slightly by adjusting the reaction conditions. The presented method is simple, easy to operate, and economical, thereby can open up new directions for the surface modification of wool.

由于表皮鳞片的存在，羊毛的大多数修饰都集中在其表面上。例如，使用氯化，氧化和蛋白酶处理来分解或去除水垢。但是，这些修饰通常严重破坏羊毛的内部结构。在本文中，采用了一种基于表面微溶的新方法来修饰羊毛的表面，以最大程度地减少羊毛的内部损伤，并改善羊毛的表面相关性能。微溶解系统使用NaHSO ₃ /尿素溶解羊毛的水垢层。用NaHSO ₃微溶解后/ urea系统，扫描电子显微镜（SEM），X射线光电子能谱（XPS），荧光显微镜，傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和Allwörden反应用于表征处理过的羊毛。此外，确定了经处理的羊毛的毡缩收缩，强度损失和润湿性。结果表明，NaHSO ₃ /脲体系可从外到内溶解水垢层。荧光显微镜图像进一步表明低浓度的NaHSO ₃/ urea系统可以溶解羊毛表面，而不会严重破坏内部结构。而且，通过调节反应条件，可以控制微溶解系统以使羊毛表面上的水垢层稍微溶解。提出的方法简单，易操作，经济，可以为羊毛的表面改性开辟新的方向。