Oral fibroblast immunological responses to bacterial stimuli are well known. However, there are few studies about pulp fibroblasts from deciduous teeth (HDPF) responses, which are important for the treatment of pulp infections in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate expression and production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by HDPF when challenged with bacterial antigens normally present in advanced caries lesions. Triplicate HDPF from 4 children (n = 4; 2 boys and 2 girls) were cultured by explant technique and challenged or not with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide/1 μg/mL (EcLPS) or Enterococcus faecalis lipoteichoic acid/1 μg/mL (EfLTA) for 6 and 24 h. Most of published studies employed immortalized cells, i.e., without checking possible gender and genetic variables. mRNA expression and protein production were evaluated by RT-qPCR and ELISA MILLIPLEX®, respectively, for Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, Chemokine C-C motif ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2/MCP-1), Chemokine C-C motif ligand 3/macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (CCL3/MIP1-α), Chemokine C-C motif ligand 5/ regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (CCL5/RANTES), C-X-C motif chemokine 12/ stromal cell-derived factor 1 (CXCL12/SDF-1), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interferon-gamma (IFN γ), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). EcLPS increased IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, CCL2, CCL5, TNF-α and CSF-1 mRNA and protein levels while EfLTA was only able to positively regulate gene expression and protein production of IL-8. The results of the present study confirmed our hypothesis, since pulp fibroblasts from deciduous teeth are capable of increasing gene expression and protein production after being stimulated with EcLPS and EfLTA.

中文翻译：

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用 E.coli LPS 和 E. faecalis LTA 刺激的乳牙髓成纤维细胞的反应特征是什么？

对细菌刺激的口腔成纤维细胞免疫反应是众所周知的。然而，关于乳牙（HDPF）反应的牙髓成纤维细胞的研究很少，这对于治疗儿童牙髓感染很重要。本研究的目的是评估 HDPF 在受到晚期龋损病变中通常存在的细菌抗原攻击时炎性细胞因子和趋化因子的表达和产生。来自 4 名儿童（n = 4；2 名男孩和 2 名女孩）的一式三份 HDPF 通过外植体技术培养，并用大肠杆菌脂多糖/1 μg/mL (EcLPS) 或粪肠球菌脂磷壁酸/1 μg/mL (EfLTA) 进行攻击或不攻击6 和 24 小时。大多数已发表的研究采用永生化细胞，即没有检查可能的性别和遗传变量。分别通过 RT-qPCR 和 ELISA MILLIPLEX® 评估了白细胞介素 (IL)-1α、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、 IL-12、IL-17、趋化因子 CC 基序配体 2/单核细胞趋化蛋白 1 (CCL2/MCP-1)、趋化因子 CC 基序配体 3/巨噬细胞炎症蛋白 1-α (CCL3/MIP1-α)、趋化因子 CC 基序配体5/ 受激活、表达和分泌的正常 T 细胞 (CCL5/RANTES)、CXC 基序趋化因子 12/ 基质细胞衍生因子 1 (CXCL12/SDF-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、干扰素- γ (IFN γ)、血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)、集落刺激因子 1 (CSF-1) 和巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (M-CSF)。EcLPS 增加 IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-8、CCL2、CCL5、TNF-α 和 CSF-1 mRNA 和蛋白质水平，而 EfLTA 只能正调节 IL-8 的基因表达和蛋白质产生。本研究的结果证实了我们的假设，因为乳牙的牙髓成纤维细胞在接受 EcLPS 和 EfLTA 刺激后能够增加基因表达和蛋白质产量。