The implementation of smart governance in government policies and practices is criticised for its dominant focus on technology investments, which leads to a rather technocratic and corporate way of ‘smartly’ governing cities and less consideration of actual user needs. To help prevent a mismatch between the demand for and the supply of technology, this paper explores what smart governance can learn from efforts in debates on planning support systems to close the ‘PSS implementation gap’. This gap refers to a long-standing discrepancy between the availability of planning support systems (supply) and the time-bound support needs of planning practice (demand). By exploring both the academic field of smart governance and the debates on the planning support system implementation gap, this paper contributes to the further development of smart governance by learning from the experiences in the planning support system debates. Two particular lessons are distilled: (1) for technology to be of added value to practice, it should be attuned to the wishes and capabilities of the intended users and to the specifics of the tasks to be accomplished, given the particularities of the context in which the technology is applied; and (2) closing the planning support system implementation gap reveals that knowledge on the context specificities is of utmost importance and will also be of importance to the smart governance developments. In conclusion, smart governance can and should become more aware of the role of contextual factors in collaboration with users and urban issues. This is expected to shift the emphasis from today’s technology-focused, supply-driven smart governance development, to a socio-technical, application-pulled and demand-driven smart governance development.

中文翻译：

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避免规划支持系统的陷阱？智能治理可以从规划支持系统实施差距中学到什么。

政府政策和实践中智能治理的实施因其主要关注技术投资而受到批评，这导致“智能”治理城市的技术官僚和企业方式，而较少考虑实际用户需求。为了帮助防止技术需求和供应之间的不匹配，本文探讨了智能治理可以从有关规划支持系统的辩论中学到什么，以缩小“PSS 实施差距”。这种差距是指规划支持系统的可用性（供应）与规划实践的有时限支持需求（需求）之间的长期差异。通过探索智慧治理的学术领域和关于规划支持系统实施差距的争论，本文通过学习规划支持系统辩论中的经验，为智能治理的进一步发展做出贡献。提炼出两个特别的经验教训：(1) 为了使技术对实践具有附加值，它应该适应预期用户的愿望和能力以及要完成的任务的具体情况，考虑到环境的特殊性应用了哪些技术；(2) 缩小规划支持系统实施差距表明，了解具体情况至关重要，而且对智能治理的发展也很重要。总之，智能治理可以而且应该更加意识到环境因素在与用户和城市问题合作中的作用。