Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high theta and low beta activity in the frontal lobe. The higher the theta/beta ratio, the lower the level of central nervous system (CNS) cortical arousal. However, there is seldom evidence between electroencephalograms (EEGs) and the patient's intentionality to regulate the cortical activity of executive attention tasks. We investigated whether children with ADHD intended to improve their performance in executive attention tasks and whether that increased their brain activity. Fifty-one children with ADHD (ADHD) and 51 typical developing (TD) children were investigated using focused attention (FA) and search attention (SA) tasks and a simultaneous EEG. The children were then regrouped as faster (ADHD-F, TD-F) and slower (ADHD-S, TD-S) depending on reaction time (RT). Quantitative EEGs of frontal lobe theta and beta activity at frontal F3, F4, and Fz were used. Twenty-eight (54.9%) ADHD children were regrouped as ADHD-S and 14 (27.5%) as TD-S. The ADHD-S group, however, had poorer FA and SA performance than the other 3 groups did: fewer correct answers, more frequent impulsive and missing errors, and higher RT variations. There were no significant differences in theta activity, but the TD-S group had higher beta activity than the ADHD-S group did. We conclude that the ADHD-F and ADHD-S groups had different attention processes. beta activity did not increase in the ADHD-S group, and their executive attention performance in the FA and SA tests was poor. It seems ADHD-S had poor meta-intention function. The frontal beta activity might be a feasible training target of neurofeedback in ADHD-S patients.

中文翻译：

---

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童元意向的额叶β活动

患有注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童在额叶中具有高θ和低β活动。θ/β 比率越高，中枢神经系统 (CNS) 皮质唤醒水平越低。然而，很少有证据表明脑电图 (EEG) 与患者有意调节执行注意力任务的皮层活动有关。我们调查了 ADHD 儿童是否打算提高他们在执行注意力任务中的表现，以及这是否会增加他们的大脑活动。使用集中注意力 (FA) 和搜索注意力 (SA) 任务以及同步脑电图对 51 名患有多动症 (ADHD) 的儿童和 51 名典型发育中的 (TD) 儿童进行了调查。然后根据反应时间 (RT) 将儿童重新分组为更快 (ADHD-F, TD-F) 和更慢 (ADHD-S, TD-S)。使用额叶 F3、F4 和 Fz 的额叶 theta 和 beta 活动的定量 EEG。28 名 (54.9%) ADHD 儿童被重新分组为 ADHD-S，14 名 (27.5%) 为 TD-S。然而，ADHD-S 组的 FA 和 SA 表现比其他 3 组更差：正确答案更少，冲动和遗漏错误更频繁，RT 变化更大。θ 活性没有显着差异，但 TD-S 组的 β 活性高于 ADHD-S 组。我们得出结论，ADHD-F 和 ADHD-S 组有不同的注意过程。ADHD-S组的beta活动没有增加，他们在FA和SA测试中的执行注意力表现很差。似乎 ADHD-S 的元意图功能很差。额叶 β 活动可能是 ADHD-S 患者神经反馈的可行训练目标。