The obesity epidemic continues to rise as a global health challenge. Thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes dissipate chemical energy as heat, providing an opportunity for developing new therapeutics for obesity and related metabolic diseases. Anatomically, brown adipose tissue is distributed as discrete depots, while beige adipocytes exist within certain depots of white adipose tissue. Developmentally, brown and beige adipocytes arise from multiple embryonic progenitor populations that are distinct and overlapping. Functionally, they respond to a plethora of stimuli to engage uncoupling protein 1-dependent and independent thermogenic programs, thus improving systemic glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and the clearance of branched-chain amino acids. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to the developmental and functional heterogeneity of thermogenic adipose tissue.

中文翻译：

---

产热脂肪组织的发育和功能异质性。

作为全球健康挑战，肥胖症的流行继续上升。产热棕色和米色脂肪细胞以热量的形式耗散化学能，为开发肥胖症和相关代谢疾病的新疗法提供了机会。从解剖学上讲，棕色脂肪组织以离散的仓库形式分布，而米色脂肪细胞存在于白色脂肪组织的某些仓库中。在发育上，棕色和米色脂肪细胞来自多个不同且重叠的胚胎祖细胞群。在功能上，它们对过多的刺激做出反应，以参与解偶联蛋白 1 依赖性和独立的产热程序，从而改善全身葡萄糖稳态、脂质代谢和支链氨基酸的清除。在这次审查中，