Enthesis injury repair remains a huge challenge because of the unique biomolecular composition, microstructure, and mechanics in the interfacial region. Surgical reconstruction often creates new bone–scaffold interfaces with mismatched properties, resulting in poor osseointegration. To mimic the natural interface tissue structures and properties, we fabricated a nanofibrous scaffold with gradient mineral coating based on 10 × simulated body fluid (SBF) and silk fibroin (SF). We then characterized the physicochemical properties of the scaffold and evaluated its biological functions both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that different areas of SF nanofibrous scaffold had varying levels of mineralization with disparate mechanical properties and had different effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation. Furthermore, the gradient scaffolds exhibited an enhancement of integration in the tendon-to-bone interface with a higher ultimate load and more fibrocartilage-like tissue formation. These findings demonstrate that the silk-based nanofibrous scaffold with gradient mineral coating can regulate the formation of interfacial tissue and has the potential to be applied in interface tissue engineering.

中文翻译：

---

梯度生物矿化的丝素蛋白纳米纤维支架，具有软骨软骨诱导的肌腱与骨整合的能力。

由于界面区域具有独特的生物分子组成，微观结构和力学，因此修复损伤修复仍然是一个巨大的挑战。外科手术重建通常会创建新的骨骼-支架界面，这些界面具有不匹配的特性，从而导致骨整合不良。为了模拟天然界面组织的结构和特性，我们基于10×模拟体液（SBF）和丝素蛋白（SF）制备了具有梯度矿物涂层的纳米纤维支架。然后，我们表征了支架的理化特性，并评估了其在体内和体外的生物学功能。结果表明，SF纳米纤维支架的不同区域具有不同的矿化水平，具有不同的机械性能，并且对骨髓间充质干细胞的生长和分化具有不同的影响。此外，梯度支架在肌腱-骨界面中的整合增强，具有更高的最终载荷和更多的纤维软骨样组织形成。这些发现表明，具有梯度矿物涂层的基于丝绸的纳米纤维支架可以调节界面组织的形成，并具有在界面组织工程中应用的潜力。