ABSTRACT Understanding temporal patterns in restored environments is important for identifying potential barriers to recovery and improved management of degraded habitats. In this paper, we use temporal beta diversity analyses to compare invertebrate community recovery trajectories in three restored agricultural stream sites under different integrated catchment plans, a native forest reference site, and two unmodified pasture control stream sites over 24 years. The restored sites diverged from their initial community composition over time and became more similar to the reference site community, which was relatively stable over time. Variation partitioning showed that prior to restoration beta diversity was primarily associated with environmental and spatial drivers, whereas post-restoration beta diversity was more influenced by temporal and environmental drivers, including changes in substrate size, fine sediments, water clarity, and nutrients, as well as temperature and flow regime. Species’ contributions to beta diversity varied between sites and years, with sensitive EPT taxa contributing more in reference and control sites. However, contributions of some EPT species, particularly mayflies, increased in restored sites post-ICM. In summary, after nearly two decades of ICM, restored stream sites show recovery towards reference conditions, yet differences persist, indicating that rehabilitation may take longer, depending on the restoration goals.

中文翻译：

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社区周转提供了对具有不同综合流域管理计划的恢复河流之间可变无脊椎动物恢复的洞察

摘要了解恢复环境中的时间模式对于确定恢复和改善退化栖息地管理的潜在障碍很重要。在本文中，我们使用时间 Beta 多样性分析来比较 24 年来在不同综合集水区计划下的三个恢复农业河流站点、原始森林参考站点和两个未修改的牧场控制河流站点的无脊椎动物群落恢复轨迹。随着时间的推移，恢复的站点与它们最初的社区组成不同，变得更类似于参考站点社区，后者随着时间的推移相对稳定。变异划分表明，在恢复之前，β 多样性主要与环境和空间驱动因素相关，而恢复后的 Beta 多样性受时间和环境驱动因素的影响更大，包括基质大小、精细沉积物、水透明度和营养物质的变化，以及温度和流动状态。物种对 Beta 多样性的贡献因地点和年份而异，敏感的 EPT 分类群在参考和控制地点的贡献更大。然而，一些 EPT 物种（尤其是蜉蝣）的贡献在 ICM 后的恢复地点增加。总之，经过近 20 年的 ICM，恢复的河流站点显示恢复到参考条件，但差异仍然存在，表明恢复可能需要更长的时间，具体取决于恢复目标。物种对 Beta 多样性的贡献因地点和年份而异，敏感的 EPT 分类群在参考和控制地点的贡献更大。然而，一些 EPT 物种（尤其是蜉蝣）的贡献在 ICM 后的恢复地点增加。总之，经过近 20 年的 ICM，恢复的河流站点显示恢复到参考条件，但差异仍然存在，表明恢复可能需要更长的时间，具体取决于恢复目标。物种对 Beta 多样性的贡献因地点和年份而异，敏感的 EPT 分类群在参考和控制地点的贡献更大。然而，一些 EPT 物种（尤其是蜉蝣）的贡献在 ICM 后的恢复地点增加。总之，经过近 20 年的 ICM，恢复的河流站点显示恢复到参考条件，但差异仍然存在，表明恢复可能需要更长的时间，具体取决于恢复目标。