ABSTRACT

In the present study, we decomposed between- and within-person effects and examined moderators of the longitudinal physical activity-cognition association. Participants (N = 1722) were drawn from the Betula study and we included four waves of data across 15 years. Bayesian multilevel modeling showed that self-reported physical activity did not predict changes in cognitive function. Physical activity positively predicted cognitive performance at baseline, and the relations were stronger for more active (compared to less active) older adults. Physical activity had a positive within-person effect on cognitive function. The within-person effect of physical activity on episodic memory recall was stronger for participants who on average engaged in less physical activity. The within-person effect on verbal fluency was stronger for participants with more education. Our results suggest that preserving cognitive functioning in old age might be more a matter of what you do in old age than reflecting what you did earlier in life.

摘要

在本研究中，我们分解了人与人之间的影响，并检查了纵向身体活动-认知关联的调节因素。参与者 (N = 1722) 来自 Betula 研究，我们纳入了 15 年的四波数据。贝叶斯多层次模型表明，自我报告的身体活动不能预测认知功能的变化。身体活动积极预测基线时的认知表现，并且对于更活跃（与不太活跃）的老年人来说，这种关系更强。身体活动对人的认知功能有积极的影响。对于平均从事较少身体活动的参与者，身体活动对情景记忆回忆的人内影响更强。对于受过更多教育的参与者，人际间对语言流畅性的影响更大。我们的研究结果表明，在晚年保持认知功能可能更多地取决于您晚年所做的事情，而不是反映您早年所做的事情。