Benzenoid-derived metabolites act as precursors for a wide variety of products involved in essential metabolic roles in eukaryotic cells. They are synthesized in plants and some fungi through the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) pathways. Ascomycete yeasts and animals both lack the capacity for PAL/TAL pathways, and metabolic reactions leading to benzenoid synthesis in these organisms have remained incompletely known for decades. Here, we show genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic evidence that yeasts use a mandelate pathway to synthesize benzenoids, with some similarities to pathways used by bacteria. We conducted feeding experiments using a synthetic fermentation medium that contained either ¹³C-phenylalanine or ¹³C-tyrosine, and, using methylbenzoylphosphonate (MBP) to inhibit benzoylformate decarboxylase, we were able to accumulate intracellular intermediates in the yeast Hanseniaspora vineae. To further confirm this pathway, we tested in separate fermentation experiments three mutants with deletions in the key genes putatively proposed to form benzenoids (Saccharomyces cerevisiae aro10Δ, dld1Δ, and dld2Δ strains). Our results elucidate the mechanism of benzenoid synthesis in yeast through phenylpyruvate linked with the mandelate pathway to produce benzyl alcohol and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, as well as sugars. These results provide an explanation for the origin of the benzoquinone ring, 4-hydroxybenzoate, and suggest that Aro10p has benzoylformate and 4-hydroxybenzoylformate decarboxylase functions in yeast.

中文翻译：

---

Mandelate途径是苯丙氨酸氨分解酶途径在子囊酵母中合成苯甲化合物的一种替代方法。

来源于苯甲酸酯的代谢物充当涉及真核细胞中基本代谢作用的多种产品的前体。它们通过苯丙氨酸氨裂合酶（PAL）和酪氨酸氨裂合酶（TAL）途径在植物和某些真菌中合成。子囊酵母和动物都缺乏PAL / TAL途径的能力，导致这些生物中苯并类合成的代谢反应数十年来仍不完全清楚。在这里，我们显示了基因组，转录组学和代谢组学证据，表明酵母利用扁桃体途径合成苯类化合物，与细菌所用途径有些相似。我们使用包含¹³ C-苯丙氨酸或¹³ C-苯丙氨酸的合成发酵培养基进行了饲喂实验C-酪氨酸，并使用甲基苯甲酰基膦酸酯（MBP）抑制苯甲酰基甲酸酯脱羧酶，我们能够在酵母Hanseniaspora vineae中积累细胞内中间体。为了进一步证实该途径，我们在单独的发酵实验中测试了三个突变体，这些突变体在拟议中的拟形成类苯醇的关键基因中缺失（酿酒酵母 aro10Δ，dld1Δ和dld2Δ应变）。我们的研究结果阐明了酵母中苯丙酮酸的合成机理，即苯丙酮酸与扁桃酸酯途径相连，从而由芳香族氨基酸苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸以及糖类生成苯甲醇和4-羟基苯甲醛。这些结果为苯醌环4-羟基苯甲酸酯的起源提供了解释，并表明Aro10p在酵母中具有苯甲酰基甲酸酯和4-羟基苯甲酰基甲酸酯脱羧酶功能。