Many software systems today provide support for adaptation and reconfiguration at runtime, in response to changes in their environment. Such adaptive systems are designed to run continuously and may not be shut down for reconfiguration or maintenance tasks. The variability of such systems has to be explicitly managed, together with mechanisms that control their runtime adaptation and reconfiguration. Dynamic software product lines (DSPLs) can help to achieve this. However, dealing with evolution is particularly challenging in a DSPL, as changes made at runtime can easily lead to inconsistencies. This paper describes the challenges of evolving DSPLs using an example cyber‐physical system for home automation. We discuss the shortcomings of existing work and present a reference architecture to support DSPL evolution. To demonstrate its feasibility and flexibility, we implemented the proposed reference architecture for two different DSPLs: the aforementioned cyber‐physical system, which uses feature models to describe its variability, and a runtime monitoring infrastructure, which is based on decision models. To assess the industrial applicability of our approach, we also implemented the reference architecture for a real‐world DSPL, an automation software system for injection molding machines. Our results provide evidence on the flexibility, performance, and industrial applicability of our approach.

中文翻译：

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动态软件产品线的演变

当今，许多软件系统都响应其环境的变化而在运行时提供适应和重新配置的支持。这样的自适应系统被设计为连续运行，并且可能不会因重新配置或维护任务而关闭。必须明确管理此类系统的可变性，以及控制其运行时适应和重新配置的机制。动态软件产品线（DSPL）可以帮助实现这一目标。但是，在DSPL中处理演化问题特别具有挑战性，因为在运行时进行的更改很容易导致不一致。本文使用用于家庭自动化的示例网络物理系统描述了发展DSPL的挑战。我们讨论了现有工作的不足，并提出了支持DSPL演进的参考体系结构。为了证明其可行性和灵活性，我们为两个不同的DSPL实现了建议的参考体系结构：上述使用要素模型描述其可变性的网络物理系统，以及基于决策模型的运行时监视基础结构。为了评估我们方法的工业适用性，我们还为真实世界的DSPL（注塑机的自动化软件系统）实施了参考架构。我们的结果提供了关于我们方法的灵活性，性能和工业适用性的证据。为了评估我们方法的工业适用性，我们还为真实世界的DSPL（注塑机的自动化软件系统）实施了参考架构。我们的结果提供了关于我们方法的灵活性，性能和工业适用性的证据。为了评估我们方法的工业适用性，我们还为真实世界的DSPL（注塑机的自动化软件系统）实施了参考架构。我们的结果提供了关于我们方法的灵活性，性能和工业适用性的证据。