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Yearly variation in factors associated with local recruitment of Tree Swallows
Journal of Field Ornithology ( IF 0.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-22 , DOI: 10.1111/jofo.12335
Michael P. Lombardo 1 , Patrick A. Thorpe 1 , Sango Otieno 2 , Alyssa Hawker 2 , Dan Welgarz 2 , Danielle Andrews 1 , Amanda Black 1
Affiliation  

Identifying factors that influence the chances of fledglings becoming local recruits can inform us about the ecology of population dynamics and factors influencing parental fitness. We studied Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting in boxes in western Michigan from 1994 to 2005 and found that 145 of 2405 (6.0%) nestlings that fledged from 840 nests became local recruits. Most local recruits returned to breed at the study site the year after they fledged. The sex ratio of local recruits (76 males and 69 females) did not differ from 1:1. Analysis of data from all years combined revealed that the likelihood of fledglings becoming local recruits was not significantly influenced by the year they fledged, clutch initiation date, clutch size, brood size, age class and physical characteristics of female parents, or the physical characteristics of putative male parents. However, analysis of data from each year revealed that some variables had a significant effect on the likelihood of fledglings becoming local recruits in some years, including female age class in two years, female parent right tail fork length in one year, female parent right wing length in one year, clutch initiation date in two years, clutch size in two years, and brood size in one year. The proportion of fledglings produced each year that became local recruits was not correlated with either mean air temperature or total rainfall during June and July, the immediate post‐fledgling period. Taken together, these analyses suggest that chance or yearly variation in some other factor(s) with the potential to affect post‐fledging survival that we did not measure (e.g., predation post‐fledging or climatic conditions during migration or in migratory stopover sites and wintering areas) had an important effect on local recruitment of fledgling Tree Swallows in our study. We did find that local recruits were more likely to be from nests where egg‐laying began earlier rather than later in the season, with 137 of 145 (94%) of local recruits coming from clutches initiated between 5 and 30 May. Because swallows that fledged earlier in the season had more time to prepare for migration than those that fledged later, we hypothesize that the “relative age effect” had an important effect on local recruitment of Tree Swallows at our study site.

中文翻译:

与当地树燕招募有关的因素逐年变化

确定影响雏鸟成为当地新人机会的因素,可以使我们了解人口动态的生态学以及影响父母健康的因素。我们研究了树燕子(Tachycineta bicolor)从1994年至2005年在密歇根州西部的盒子中筑巢,发现从840个巢穴中逃脱出来的2405个中有145个雏鸟(占6.0%)成为当地新兵。逃跑的第二年,大多数当地新兵返回了繁殖地。当地新兵的性别比(男76位,女69位)与1:1没有差异。对来自所有年份的数据的综合分析显示,成年幼鸽成为当地新兵的可能性不受其成年年份,离婚开始日期,离婚尺寸,育雏尺寸,年龄等级和女性父母的身体特征或父母的身体特征的影响。假定的男性父母。但是,对每年数据的分析表明,某些变量对某些年份(包括两年内的女性年龄段)中的雏鸟成为当地新兵的可能性产生了重大影响,母本右尾叉长度为一年,母本右翼长度为一年,离合器启动日期为两年,离合器尺寸为两年,育雏尺寸为一年。每年刚出生的新雏鸟所占的比例与刚出生后不久的六月和七月的平均气温或总降雨量均无关。综上所述,这些分析表明,某些其他因素的机会或年度变化可能会影响我们无法衡量的出雏后生存的潜力(例如,迁徙期间或迁徙中转地点的捕食出雏后或气候条件,以及越冬地区)对我们研究中的幼树燕子的本地招募具有重要影响。我们确实发现,本地新兵更有可能来自产蛋季节较早而不是在产蛋后期开始的巢穴,在145个本地新兵中,有137人(占94%)来自5月5日至30日之间启动的抓钩。由于本季早些时候迁徙的燕子比晚些时候迁徙的燕子有更多的时间为迁徙做准备,因此我们假设“相对年龄效应”对我们研究地点的当地燕子招募有重要影响。
更新日期:2020-06-22
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