Climate change is a vital environmental issue that significantly affects rice productivity. Rice paddy fields are one of the greatest anthropogenic sources of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. To evaluate the combined effects of manure amendment and water management on GHG emissions, grain yield and water productivity per rice yield in a lowland rice field with a sandy clay loam soil in Myanmar, this study was conducted with a split‐plot design. Two water management practices (continuous flooding [CF] and alternate wetting and drying [AWD]) and four levels of cow dung manure (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 t ha⁻¹) were applied with three replications in the dry (February–May) and wet (July–October) seasons in 2017. In the dry season, significantly higher cumulative methane (CH₄) emissions (50.5%) were recorded in CF than in AWD, while cumulative nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions were 70% higher in AWD than in CF, although the difference was not significant. Manure application showed no effect on CH₄ and N₂O emissions compared with the no‐manure control, irrespective of application level. In the wet season, significantly higher cumulative CH₄ emissions (65.2%) were again recorded in CF than in AWD; however, the cumulative N₂O emissions were similar between CF and AWD. Methane and N₂O emissions in the wet season were 65.8 and 35.8% higher, respectively, than those in the dry season. In both seasons, higher grain yields (1.8% in dry and 7.6% in wet) and higher water productivity (130% in dry and 31% in wet) were recorded in AWD than in CF. Increased grain yields (18.9% in dry and 7.7% in wet) and water productivity (25.5% in dry and 15.8% in wet) were recorded in the manure treatments compared to those in the no‐manure treatment. This study presents quantitative data on how manure amendment and water management affected GHG emissions in a paddy field in Myanmar. © 2020 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

中文翻译：

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温室气体排放，谷物产量和水生产率：基于缅甸的水稻田案例研究

气候变化是一个至关重要的环境问题，会严重影响水稻的生产力。稻田是甲烷（CH ₄）和一氧化二氮（N ₂ O）排放的最大人为来源之一。为了评估在缅甸有砂质壤土的低地稻田，施肥和水管理对温室气体排放，谷物产量和每米产量的水分生产率的综合影响，本研究采用分块设计进行。两种水管理方法（连续驱水[CF]和交替的干湿交替[AWD]）和四个水平的牛粪肥（0、2.5、5.0和7.5 t ha ^-1）在2017年的旱季（2月至5月）和雨季（7月至10月）进行了3次重复。在旱季，CF记录的甲烷（CH ₄）累积排放量（50.5％）明显高于AWD ，虽然AWD的累积一氧化二氮（N ₂ O）排放量比CF高70％，但差异并不明显。与不施肥相比，施肥对CH ₄和N ₂ O排放均无影响，而与施肥水平无关。在雨季，CF记录的CH ₄累积排放再次明显高于AWD记录（65.2％）。但是，CF和AWD之间的累积N ₂ O排放相似。甲烷和N ₂雨季的O排放分别比旱季的高65.8和35.8％。在两个季节中，AWD的谷物单产（干重为1.8％，湿重为7.6％）和水分生产率（干重为130％，湿重为31％）均高于CF。与不施肥相比，施肥处理的谷物单产（干态为18.9％，湿态为7.7％）和水生产率（干态为25.5％，湿态为15.8％）增加。这项研究提供了定量数据，说明了粪便改良和水管理如何影响缅甸稻田的温室气体排放。©2020作者。温室气体：化学工业协会和John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.出版的科学和技术。