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Pantropical geography of lightning-caused disturbance and its implications for tropical forests.
Global Change Biology ( IF 11.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-21 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15227
Evan M Gora 1 , Jeffrey C Burchfield 2 , Helene C Muller-Landau 3 , Phillip M Bitzer 2 , Stephen P Yanoviak 1, 3
Affiliation  

Lightning is a major agent of disturbance, but its ecological effects in the tropics are unquantified. Here we used ground and satellite sensors to quantify the geography of lightning strikes in terrestrial tropical ecosystems, and to evaluate whether spatial variation in lightning frequency is associated with variation in tropical forest structure and dynamics. Between 2013 and 2018, tropical terrestrial ecosystems received an average of 100.4 million lightning strikes per year, and the frequency of strikes was spatially autocorrelated at local‐to‐continental scales. Lightning strikes were more frequent in forests, savannas, and urban areas than in grasslands, shrublands, and croplands. Higher lightning frequency was positively associated with woody biomass turnover and negatively associated with aboveground biomass and the density of large trees (trees/ha) in forests across Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Extrapolating from the only tropical forest study that comprehensively assessed tree damage and mortality from lightning strikes, we estimate that lightning directly damages c. 832 million trees in tropical forests annually, of which c. 194 million die. The similarly high lightning frequency in tropical savannas suggests that lightning also influences savanna tree mortality rates and ecosystem processes. These patterns indicate that lightning‐caused disturbance plays a major and largely unappreciated role in pantropical ecosystem dynamics and global carbon cycling.

中文翻译:

闪电引起的干扰的泛热带地理及其对热带森林的影响。

闪电是干扰的主要诱因,但其在热带地区的生态影响尚无法量化。在这里,我们使用地面和卫星传感器来量化陆地热带生态系统中的雷击地理,并评估雷电频率的空间变化是否与热带森林结构和动态变化有关。在2013年至2018年期间,热带陆地生态系统每年平均收到1.004亿次雷击,而且在地方到大陆范围,雷击的频率在空间上是自相关的。森林,稀树草原和城市地区的雷击比草地,灌木丛和农田的雷击更为频繁。较高的闪电频率与木质生物量的周转量呈正相关,与非洲,亚洲和美洲的森林中的地上生物量和大树(树木/公顷)的密度呈负相关。从唯一一个全面评估雷击造成的树木损害和死亡率的热带森林研究中推断,我们估计闪电直接损害c。每年热带森林中有8.32亿棵树,其中c。1.94亿人死亡。热带稀树草原中类似的高雷击频率表明,闪电也影响稀树草原的死亡率和生态系统过程。这些模式表明,雷电引起的干扰在泛热带生态系统动力学和全球碳循环中起着主要的作用,而在很大程度上未被认识。从唯一一个全面评估雷击造成的树木损害和死亡率的热带森林研究中推断,我们估计闪电直接损害c。每年热带森林中有8.32亿棵树,其中c。1.94亿人死亡。热带稀树草原中类似的高雷击频率表明,闪电也影响稀树草原的死亡率和生态系统过程。这些模式表明,由雷电引起的干扰在泛热带生态系统动力学和全球碳循环中起着主要的作用,而在很大程度上未被认识。从唯一一个全面评估雷击造成的树木损害和死亡率的热带森林研究中推断,我们估计闪电直接损害c。每年热带森林中有8.32亿棵树,其中c。1.94亿人死亡。热带稀树草原中类似的高雷击频率表明,闪电也影响稀树草原的死亡率和生态系统过程。这些模式表明,由雷电引起的干扰在泛热带生态系统动力学和全球碳循环中起着主要的作用,而在很大程度上未被认识。热带稀树草原中类似的高雷击频率表明,闪电也影响稀树草原的死亡率和生态系统过程。这些模式表明,雷电引起的干扰在泛热带生态系统动力学和全球碳循环中起着主要的作用,而在很大程度上未被认识。热带稀树草原中类似的高雷击频率表明,闪电也影响稀树草原的死亡率和生态系统过程。这些模式表明,雷电引起的干扰在泛热带生态系统动力学和全球碳循环中起着主要的作用,而在很大程度上未被认识。
更新日期:2020-08-11
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