The introduction of 200 n.m. exclusive economic zones (EEZs) in the late 1970s required increased collaboration among neighbouring coastal states to manage transboundary and straddling fish stocks. The established agreements ranged from bilateral to multilateral, including high‐seas components, as appropriate. However, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea does not specify how quotas of stocks crossing EEZs should be allocated, nor was it written for topical scenarios, such as climate change with poleward distribution shifts that differ across species. The productive Northeast Atlantic is a hot spot for such shifts, implying that scientific knowledge about zonal distribution is crucial in quota negotiations. This diverges from earlier, although still valid, agreements that were predominately based on political decisions or historical distribution of catches. The bilateral allocations for Barents Sea and North Sea cod remain robust after 40 years, but the management situation for widely distributed stocks, as Northeast Atlantic mackerel and Norwegian spring‐spawning herring, appears challenging, with no recent overall agreements. Contrarily, quotas of Northern hake are, so far, unilaterally set by the EU despite the stock's expansion beyond EU waters into the northern North Sea. Negotiations following the introduction of EEZs were undertaken at the end of the last cooler Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) period, that is, with stock distributions generally in a southerly mode. Hence, today's lack of management consensus for several widely distributed fish stocks typically relates to more northerly distributions attributed to the global anthropogenic signal accelerating the spatial effect of the current warmer AMO.

中文翻译：

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鉴于气候引起的空间分布变化，管理东北大西洋的跨界和跨界鱼类种群

在1970年代后期引入200 nm专属经济区（EEZ），要求邻近沿海国家之间加强合作，以管理跨界和跨界鱼类种群。既定的协议从双边到多边，包括公海部分，视情况而定。但是，1982年的《联合国海洋法公约》没有具体规定应如何分配跨专属经济区的种群配额，也没有针对诸如气候变化，物种间极向分布变化的气候变化等专题情景编写。富有生产力的东北大西洋是此类转变的热点，这意味着有关区域分布的科学知识在配额谈判中至关重要。尽管仍然有效，但与以前有所不同，主要基于政治决定或渔获物的历史分布的协议。巴伦支海和北海鳕鱼的双边分配在40年后仍然保持强劲，但是由于东北大西洋鲭鱼和挪威春季产卵鲱鱼，分布广泛的种群的管理状况似乎充满挑战，近期没有达成总体协议。相反，到目前为止，北部无须鳕的配额是由欧盟单方面设定的，尽管该种群的数量已从欧盟水域扩展到北部北海。最后一期末进行了引入专属经济区后的谈判 东北大西洋鲭鱼和挪威春季产卵鲱鱼似乎具有挑战性，近期没有达成总体协议。相反，到目前为止，北部无须鳕的配额是由欧盟单方面设定的，尽管该种群的数量已从欧盟水域扩展到北部北海。最后一期末进行了引入专属经济区后的谈判 东北大西洋鲭鱼和挪威春季产卵鲱鱼似乎具有挑战性，近期没有达成总体协议。相反，到目前为止，北部无须鳕的配额是由欧盟单方面设定的，尽管该种群的数量已从欧盟水域扩展到北部北海。最后一期末进行了引入专属经济区后的谈判大西洋多年代际振荡（AMO）时期较冷，即股票分布通常处于偏南模式。因此，当今缺乏对几种广泛分布的鱼类种群的管理共识，通常与更北偏的分布有关，这归因于全球人为信号，加速了目前变暖的AMO的空间效应。