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Food web feedbacks drive the response of benthic macrofauna to bottom trawling
Fish and Fisheries ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-21 , DOI: 10.1111/faf.12481
Karen E. Wolfshaar 1 , P. Daniël Denderen 1 , Tim Schellekens 2 , Tobias Kooten 1, 3
Affiliation  

Bottom trawl fisheries have significant effects on benthic habitats and communities, and these effects have been studied intensively in the last decades. Most of these studies have related the changes in benthic community composition to direct effect of trawl gears on benthos, through imposed mortality. This line of argumentation ignores the fact that benthic organisms themselves form a complex food web and that bottom trawling may trigger secondary effects through this food web. We studied the potential consequences of such food web effects using a model of benthic predators, filter feeders, deposit feeders and fish. Our analysis shows how inclusion of ecological interactions complicates the relationship between bottom trawling intensity and the state of the benthic community and causes a non-linear and non-monotonic response of the benthic community to trawling. This shows that indirect food web effects can fundamentally alter the response of a benthic ecosystem to bottom trawling, compared to the direct effects of mortality. In light of our results, we argue that indicators of fishing impact on benthos need to account for positive as well as negative effects of bottom trawling, in order to accurately quantify the impact. Our findings highlight that understanding the food web ecology of the benthic ecosystem is crucial for understanding and predicting the effects of trawling on the seafloor. Work that promotes such understanding of the food web ecology seems a more productive research strategy than conducting ever more empirical trawling effect measurements.

中文翻译:

食物网反馈驱动底栖大型动物对底拖网捕捞的反应

底拖网渔业对底栖栖息地和群落有显着影响,过去几十年对这些影响进行了深入研究。大多数这些研究都将底栖群落组成的变化与拖网渔具对底栖动物的直接影响联系起来,通过强制死亡率。这一论点忽略了一个事实,即底栖生物本身形成了一个复杂的食物网,而底拖网捕捞可能会通过这个食物网引发二次效应。我们使用底栖捕食者、滤食性动物、沉积物饲养者和鱼类的模型研究了这种食物网效应的潜在后果。我们的分析表明,包含生态相互作用如何使底拖网捕捞强度与底栖群落状态之间的关系复杂化,并导致底栖群落对拖网捕捞的非线性和非单调响应。这表明,与死亡率的直接影响相比,间接食物网效应可以从根本上改变底栖生态系统对底拖网捕捞的反应。根据我们的结果,我们认为捕鱼对底栖生物影响的指标需要考虑底拖网捕捞的正面和负面影响,以便准确量化影响。我们的研究结果强调,了解底栖生态系统的食物网生态对于了解和预测拖网捕捞对海底的影响至关重要。
更新日期:2020-06-21
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