Organisms are exposed to environmental and mutational effects influencing both mean and variance of phenotypes. Potentially deleterious effects arising from this variation can be reduced by the evolution of buffering (canalizing) mechanisms, ultimately reducing phenotypic variability. There has been interest regarding the conditions enabling the evolution of canalization. Under some models, the circumstances under which genetic canalization evolves is limited, despite apparent empirical evidence for it. It has been argued that genetic canalization evolves as a correlated response to environmental canalization (congruence model). Yet, empirical evidence has not consistently supported predictions of a correlation between genetic and environmental canalization. In a recent study, a population of Drosophila adapted to high altitude showed evidence of genetic decanalization relative to those from low altitudes. Using strains derived from these populations, we tested if they varied for multiple aspects of environmental canalization We observed the expected differences in wing size, shape, cell (trichome) density and mutational defects between high- and low-altitude populations. However, we observed little evidence for a relationship between measures of environmental canalization with population or with defect frequency. Our results do not support the predicted association between genetic and environmental canalization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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黑腹果蝇的海拔高度不同的种群之间没有遗传和环境渠道

生物体暴露于影响表型均值和方差的环境和突变效应中。缓冲（管化）机制的演变可以减少这种变异引起的潜在有害影响，最终减少表型变异。人们对促成运河演变的条件很感兴趣。在某些模型下，尽管有明显的经验证据，但遗传渠道进化的环境是有限的。有人认为，遗传渠道化是对环境渠道化的相关反应（同余模型）。然而，经验证据并没有一致支持遗传和环境渠道之间相关性的预测。在最近的一项研究中，适应高海拔的果蝇种群显示出与来自低海拔的果蝇相比基因脱链的证据。使用源自这些种群的菌株，我们测试了它们是否在环境渠道的多个方面有所不同。我们观察到了高海拔和低海拔种群之间在机翼大小、形状、细胞（毛状体）密度和突变缺陷方面的预期差异。然而，我们几乎没有观察到环境渠道测量与人口或缺陷频率之间关系的证据。我们的结果不支持遗传和环境渠道之间的预测关联。本文受版权保护。版权所有。我们测试了它们是否因环境渠道的多个方面而有所不同 我们观察到了高海拔和低海拔种群之间在机翼大小、形状、细胞（毛状体）密度和突变缺陷方面的预期差异。然而，我们几乎没有观察到环境渠道测量与人口或缺陷频率之间关系的证据。我们的结果不支持遗传和环境渠道之间的预测关联。本文受版权保护。版权所有。我们测试了它们是否因环境渠道的多个方面而有所不同 我们观察到了高海拔和低海拔种群之间在机翼大小、形状、细胞（毛状体）密度和突变缺陷方面的预期差异。然而，我们几乎没有观察到环境渠道测量与人口或缺陷频率之间关系的证据。我们的结果不支持遗传和环境渠道之间的预测关联。本文受版权保护。版权所有。我们的结果不支持遗传和环境渠道之间的预测关联。本文受版权保护。版权所有。我们的结果不支持遗传和环境渠道之间的预测关联。本文受版权保护。版权所有。