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Defence variation within a guild of aphid-tending ants explains aphid population growth
Ecological Entomology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-22 , DOI: 10.1111/een.12904
Andrés M. Devegili 1 , María N. Lescano 1 , Ernesto Gianoli 2, 3 , Alejandro G. Farji‐Brener 1
Affiliation  

Mutualism studies often focus on the service provided by single species, while variation in benefits provided by multiple partners is less understood. Ant‐aphid food‐for‐protection mutualisms are suitable to study the implications of intra‐guild service variation because they often involve several ant species with varying levels of aggressiveness. We studied an aphid species and its associated ant guild to address whether intra‐guild defence variation against aphid natural enemies explains aphid performance on plants (thistles). We surveyed plants with natural abundances of aphids associated with different ant species and estimated aphid population growth. We conducted confrontation experiments between ant species and aphid natural enemies (ladybugs and hoverfly larvae). In plants patrolled by the most aggressive ant species, we determined the ant's probability of expelling aphid natural enemies and tested whether ant exclusion affects the abundance of aphids and their natural enemies. The ant Dorymyrmex tener was the most abundant and frequent species on plants and the most aggressive against aphid natural enemies. Aphid populations grew faster on plants patrolled by D. tener compared to plants patrolled by Camponotus distinguendus or D. richteri. Field experiments confirmed that D. tener effectively expels aphid natural enemies from plants. When D. tener was excluded, the density of aphids decreased, while the abundance of aphid natural enemies increased. The disruption of aphid predation by aggressive and numerically dominant ant species is a determinant of aphid population dynamics. This study illustrates the importance of considering intra‐guild service variation to better understand multi‐partner mutualisms.

中文翻译:

蚜虫蚂蚁行会内的防御变异解释了蚜虫种群的增长

互惠研究通常侧重于单一物种提供的服务,而对多个合作伙伴提供的利益变化的了解较少。蚂蚁-蚜虫以保护为食的共生关系适用于研究公会内服务变异的影响,因为它们通常涉及具有不同攻击性水平的几种蚂蚁物种。我们研究了一个蚜虫物种及其相关的蚂蚁行会,以解决对蚜虫天敌的行内防御变异是否解释了蚜虫对植物(蓟)的表现。我们调查了与不同蚂蚁物种相关的蚜虫自然丰度的植物,并估计了蚜虫种群的增长。我们进行了蚂蚁物种与蚜虫天敌(瓢虫和食蚜蝇幼虫)的对抗实验。在由最具侵略性的蚂蚁物种巡逻的植物中,我们确定了蚂蚁驱逐蚜虫天敌的概率,并测试了蚂蚁排斥是否会影响蚜虫及其天敌的数量。蚂蚁 Dorymyrmex tener 是植物中数量最多、频率最高的物种,也是对蚜虫天敌最具攻击性的物种。与由 Camponotus distinguendus 或 D.richteri 巡逻的植物相比,蚜虫种群在由 D. tener 巡逻的植物上生长得更快。田间试验证实,D. tener 能有效驱除植物中的蚜虫天敌。剔除 D. tener 后,蚜虫密度下降,而蚜虫天敌数量增加。侵略性和数量上占优势的蚂蚁物种对蚜虫捕食的破坏是蚜虫种群动态的决定因素。
更新日期:2020-06-22
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