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Virus-virus interactions in a plant host and in a hemipteran vector: Implications for vector fitness and virus epidemics.
Virus Research ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198069
Saurabh Gautam 1 , Kiran R Gadhave 1 , James W Buck 2 , Bhabesh Dutta 3 , Tim Coolong 4 , Scott Adkins 5 , Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan 1
Affiliation  

Mixed virus infection in host plants can differentially alter the plant phenotype, influence vector fitness, and affect virus acquisition and inoculation by vectors than single-virus infection. Vector acquisition of multiple viruses from multiple host plants could also differentially affect vector fitness and virus inoculation than acquisition of one virus. Whitefly-virus pathosystems in the southern United States include both the above-stated facets. For the first facet, this study examined the effects of single and mixed infection of cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV, a begomovirus) and cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV, a crinivirus) infecting squash on whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius MEAM1) host preference and fitness. Mixed infection of CuLCrV and CYSDV in squash plants severely altered their phenotype than single infection. The CYSDV load was reduced in mixed-infected squash plants than in singly-infected plants. Consequently, whiteflies acquired reduced amounts of CYSDV from mixed-infected plants than singly-infected plants. No differences in CuLCrV load were found between singly- and mixed-infected squash plants, and acquisition of CuLCrV by whiteflies did not vary between singly- and mixed-infected squash plants. Both singly- and mixed-infected plants similarly affected whitefly preference, wherein non-viruliferous and viruliferous (CuLCrV and/or CYSDV) whiteflies preferred non-infected plants over infected plants. The fitness study involving viruliferous and non-viruliferous whiteflies revealed no differences in developmental time and fecundity. For the second facet, this study evaluated the effects of individual or combined acquisition of tomato-infecting tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV, a begomovirus) and squash-infecting CuLCrV on whitefly host preference and fitness. Whiteflies that acquired both CuLCrV and TYLCV had significantly lower CuLCrV load than whiteflies that acquired CuLCrV alone, whereas TYLCV load remained unaltered when acquired individually or in conjunction with CuLCrV. Whitefly preference was not affected following individual or combined virus acquisition. Viruliferous (CuLCrV and/or TYLCV) whiteflies preferred to settle on non-infected tomato and squash plants. The mere presence of CuLCrV and/or TYLCV in whiteflies did not affect their fitness. Taken together, these results indicate that mixed infection of viruses in host plants and acquisition of multiple viruses by the vector could have implications for virus accumulation, virus acquisition, vector preference, and epidemics that sometimes are different from single-virus infection or acquisition.



中文翻译:

植物宿主和半足动物载体中的病毒-病毒相互作用:对载体适应性和病毒流行的影响。

与单病毒感染相比,宿主植物中的混合病毒感染可以差异地改变植物的表型,影响载体的适应性,并通过载体影响病毒的获取和接种。与从一种宿主病毒中获得病毒相比,从多种宿主植物中获得多种病毒的载体还可能差异影响载体的适应性和病毒接种。美国南部的粉虱病毒病理系统包括上述两个方面。在第一方面,这项研究检查了葫芦叶cru皱病毒(CuLCrV,一种begomovirus)和葫芦黄矮化病病毒(CYSDV,一种criinivirus)的单次和混合感染感染南瓜对粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)的影响。Gennadius MEAM1)主持人的喜好和适应度。与单一感染相比,南瓜植物中CuLCrV和CYSDV的混合感染严重改变了它们的表型。混合感染南瓜植物的CYSDV负荷比单一感染植物减少。因此,与混合感染的植物相比,粉虱从混合感染的植物中获得的CYSDV含量降低。在单独感染和混合感染的南瓜植物之间未发现CuLCrV负载的差异,而在单独感染和混合感染的南瓜植物之间,粉虱对CuLCrV的捕获量也没有变化。单一感染和混合感染的植物都类似地影响粉虱的喜好,其中非病毒和有毒的(CuLCrV和/或CYSDV)粉虱比未感染的植物优先选择未感染的植物。涉及有毒和无毒粉虱的适应性研究表明,发育时间和繁殖力没有差异。对于第二个方面,这项研究评估了感染番茄的番茄黄叶卷曲病毒(TYLCV,一种初生病毒)和南瓜感染的CuLCrV单独或联合获得对粉虱寄主偏好和适应性的影响。与单独获得CuLCrV的粉虱相比,同时获得CuLCrV和TYLCV的粉虱的CuLCrV负荷要低得多,而单独或与CuLCrV一起采集时,TYLCV的负荷保持不变。个体或联合感染病毒后,粉虱的喜好不受影响。有毒的(CuLCrV和/或TYLCV)粉虱优选在未感染的番茄和南瓜植物上定居。粉虱中仅存在CuLCrV和/或TYLCV不会影响它们的适应性。综上所述,这些结果表明宿主植物中病毒的混合感染和载体对多种病毒的获取可能对病毒蓄积,病毒获取,载体偏爱和流行病有影响,这些流行病有时与单病毒感染或获取不同。

更新日期:2020-07-01
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