Synthetic biology strives to reliably control cellular behavior, typically in the form of user-designed interactions of biological components to produce a predetermined output. Engineered circuit components are frequently derived from natural sources and are therefore often hampered by inadvertent interactions with host machinery, most notably within the host central dogma. Reliable and predictable gene circuits require the targeted reduction or elimination of these undesirable interactions to mitigate negative consequences on host fitness and develop context-independent bioactivities. Here, we review recent advances in biological orthogonalization, namely the insulation of researcher-dictated bioactivities from host processes, with a focus on systematic developments that may culminate in the creation of an orthogonal central dogma and novel cellular functions.

合成生物学致力于可靠地控制细胞行为，通常以用户设计的生物成分相互作用的形式产生预定的输出。工程电路组件通常来自天然资源，因此经常受到与主机机器无意交互的阻碍，最明显的是在主机中心法则内。可靠且可预测的基因回路需要有针对性地减少或消除这些不良相互作用，以减轻对宿主健康的负面影响并发展与环境无关的生物活性。在这里，我们回顾了生物正交化的最新进展，即研究人员指定的生物活动与宿主过程的隔离，