The implantation process requires precisely controlled interactions between the maternal uterine endometrium and the implanting conceptus. Conceptus-derived secretions affect endometrial cells to facilitate the adhesion and attachment of trophoblasts, and endometrial secretions support the growth and development of the conceptus. In pigs, the conceptus secretes a large amount of type II interferon, interferon-γ (IFNG), during the implantation period. However, the role of IFNG in the implantation process has not been fully understood in pigs. Thus, to determine the role of IFNG in the endometrium during early pregnancy in pigs, we treated endometrial explant tissues with increasing doses of IFNG and analyzed the transcriptome regulated by IFNG using an RNA-sequencing analysis. Data analyses identified 276 differentially regulated genes, their Gene Ontology terms, and 94 signature genes in a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression of IFNG-regulated genes, including CIITA, KYNU, IDO1, WARS, and MHC class II molecules, in the endometrium throughout pregnancy and found that levels of those genes in the endometrium were highest on Day 15 of pregnancy, corresponding to the time of peak IFNG secretion by porcine conceptuses. In addition, immunohistochemical analyses revealed that CIITA, KYNU, and IDO proteins were expressed in a cell type- and pregnancy status-specific manner in the endometrium. These results show that genes overrepresented in endometrial tissues in response to IFNG were mainly related to immune responses, suggesting that conceptus-derived IFNG could play critical roles in regulating the maternal immune response for the establishment of pregnancy in pigs.

中文翻译：

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子宫内膜外植体中干扰素-γ 调节基因的转录组学分析及其在猪着床期间调节母体子宫内膜免疫的可能作用，猪是真正的上皮胎盘物种

植入过程需要精确控制母体子宫内膜和植入概念之间的相互作用。来自胎体的分泌物影响子宫内膜细胞以促进滋养细胞的粘附和附着，而子宫内膜分泌物支持胎体的生长和发育。在猪体内，胚胎在着床期间会分泌大量的 II 型干扰素，干扰素-γ (IFNG)。然而，IFNG 在猪的着床过程中的作用尚未完全了解。因此，为了确定 IFNG 在猪妊娠早期子宫内膜中的作用，我们用增加剂量的 IFNG 处理子宫内膜外植体组织，并使用 RNA 测序分析分析了受 IFNG 调节的转录组。数据分析确定了 276 个差异调节基因，他们的基因本体论术语，以及基因集富集分析中的 94 个特征基因。此外，我们分析了整个妊娠期间子宫内膜中 IFNG 调节基因的表达，包括 CIITA、KYNU、IDO1、WARS 和 MHC II 类分子，发现这些基因在妊娠第 15 天子宫内膜中的水平最高，对应于猪受孕的 IFNG 分泌高峰时间。此外，免疫组织化学分析显示 CIITA、KYNU 和 IDO 蛋白在子宫内膜中以细胞类型和妊娠状态特异性方式表达。这些结果表明，在响应 IFNG 的子宫内膜组织中过度表达的基因主要与免疫反应有关，