Tight regulation of the immune response is fundamental for efficient pathogen clearance and to prevent excessive inflammation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as potent regulators of the innate and adaptive immune responses to viral pathogens. Host-derived lncRNAs control the differentiation and polarization of immune cell populations and the production of cytokines, interferons and antiviral factors. This review provides an updated overview of lncRNAs that modulate viral replication or pathogenesis. Beyond that, viruses have developed lncRNA-based strategies to mask themselves from immune detection and evade antiviral immunity. A deeper understanding of lncRNA biology in the context of host-pathogen interactions may unveil new treatment strategies in the near future.

严格调节免疫反应是有效清除病原体和防止过度炎症的基础。长链非编码 RNA (lncRNA) 已成为对病毒病原体的先天性和适应性免疫反应的有效调节剂。宿主来源的 lncRNA 控制免疫细胞群的分化和极化以及细胞因子、干扰素和抗病毒因子的产生。本综述提供了调节病毒复制或发病机制的 lncRNA 的最新概述。除此之外，病毒还开发了基于 lncRNA 的策略来掩盖自己的免疫检测并逃避抗病毒免疫。在宿主-病原体相互作用的背景下更深入地了解 lncRNA 生物学可能会在不久的将来推出新的治疗策略。