The surface characteristics of bioceramics are critical in modulating the cellular events in osteogenesis. However, understanding on the effect of surface properties-derived inflammation on osteogenesis is unclear. In this study, dense biphase calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics with various surface micropatterns were fabricated to investigate the effect of surface morphologies on the behaviors and functions of macrophages, and the subsequent cascade regulation on the osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblast. We found that the change of surface roughness and wettability of single convex in micropatterns with different sizes could make dramatic differences on the adherence, distribution and morphology of macrophages. Specifically, the patterned surface with smaller single convex area was more likely to drive macrophages towards M1-like phenotype, as was determined by the upregulated gene expression and molecular secretion of M1-specific markers compared with flat surface. Moreover, the macrophages/scaffolds-derived medium showed an obvious promotion on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells that suggested the surface characteristics of BCP ceramics are important in terms of scaffolds-induced inflammation, which might contribute to its osteogenesis potential.

生物陶瓷的表面特性对于调节成骨过程中的细胞事件至关重要。然而，尚不清楚对表面特性衍生的炎症对成骨作用的了解。在这项研究中，制作了具有各种表面微图案的致密双相磷酸钙（BCP）陶瓷，以研究表面形态对巨噬细胞行为和功能的影响，以及随后的级联调节对成骨细胞分化的影响。我们发现，在不同尺寸的微图案中，单凸面的表面粗糙度和润湿性的变化可能会对巨噬细胞的附着，分布和形态产生巨大的影响。具体而言，具有较小单个凸面区域的图案化表面更有可能将巨噬细胞驱向M1样表型，与平整表面相比，M1特异性标志物的基因表达上调和分子分泌决定了这一点。此外，巨噬细胞/支架来源的培养基对MC3T3-E1细胞的成骨分化有明显促进作用，这表明BCP陶瓷的表面特征对于支架诱发的炎症很重要，这可能有助于其成骨潜力。