The resistance of cancer cells into chemotherapy has restricted the efficiency of anti-tumor drugs. Oxaliplatin (OX) being an anti-tumor agent/drug is extensively used in the treatment of various cancer diseases. However, its frequent application has led to chemoresistance. As a consequence, studies have focused in finding underlying molecular pathways involved in OX resistance. MicroRNAs (miRs) are short endogenous non-coding RNAs that are able to regulate vital biological mechanisms such as cell proliferation and cell growth. The abnormal expression of miRs occurs in pathological events, particularly cancer. In the present review, we describe the involvement of miRs in OX resistance and sensitivity. The miRs are able to induce the oncogene factors and mechanisms, resulting in stimulation OX chemoresistance. Also, onco-suppressor miRs can enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells into OX chemotherapy and trigger apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, leading to reduced viability and progression of cancer cells. MiRs can also enhance the efficacy of OX chemotherapy. It is worth mentioning that miRs affect various down-stream targets in OX resistance/sensitivity such as STAT3, TGF-β, ATG4B, FOXO1, LATS2, NF-κB and so on. By identification of these miRs and their upstream and down-stream mediators, further studies can focus on targeting them to sensitize cancer cells into OX chemotherapy and induce apoptotic cell death.

癌细胞对化疗的耐药性限制了抗肿瘤药物的效率。奥沙利铂（OX）是一种抗肿瘤药/药物，已广泛用于治疗各种癌症。但是，其频繁使用导致化学抗性。因此，研究集中在寻找与OX抗性有关的潜在分子途径。微小RNA（miR）是短内源性非编码RNA，能够调节重要的生物学机制，例如细胞增殖和细胞生长。miR的异常表达发生在病理事件中，尤其是癌症。在本综述中，我们描述了miRs对OX抗性和敏感性的参与。miRs能够诱导癌基因因子和机制，从而刺激OX化学抗性。也，抑癌药miRs可以增强癌细胞对OX化疗的敏感性，并触发细胞凋亡和细胞周期停滞，从而导致癌细胞的活力降低和进展。MiRs还可以增强OX化疗的功效。值得一提的是，miR在OX抗性/敏感性中会影响各种下游目标，例如STAT3，TGF-β，ATG4B，FOXO1，LATS2，NF-κB等。通过鉴定这些miR及其上游和下游介体，进一步的研究可以集中于靶向它们以使癌细胞对OX化疗敏感并诱导凋亡性细胞死亡。值得一提的是，miR在OX抗性/敏感性中会影响各种下游目标，例如STAT3，TGF-β，ATG4B，FOXO1，LATS2，NF-κB等。通过鉴定这些miR及其上游和下游介体，进一步的研究可以集中于针对它们以使癌细胞敏感地进行OX化疗并诱导凋亡性细胞死亡。值得一提的是，miR在OX抗性/敏感性中会影响各种下游目标，例如STAT3，TGF-β，ATG4B，FOXO1，LATS2，NF-κB等。通过鉴定这些miR及其上游和下游介体，进一步的研究可以集中于针对它们以使癌细胞敏感地进行OX化疗并诱导凋亡性细胞死亡。