In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hyperglycemia leads to oxidative insult. Vitamins A and E have antioxidant potentials and may help in managing diabetes. The combined effect of high-dose vitamin A plus E supplementation with and without zinc on T2DM, has never been examined. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of high-dose vitamin A plus E supplementation (AE) versus high-dose vitamin A plus E with zinc (AEZ), on different diabetic parameters. Ninety-eight patients with T2DM were randomized to receive either: 50,000 IU vitamin A and 100 mg vitamin E (AE group, N = 36), an equivalent dose of vitamin A and E combined with 25 mg zinc (AEZ group, N = 35), or no supplements (control group, N = 27) for three months. Compared to control, AEZ group showed significant reductions in fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with significant increases in homeostasis model assessment of beta‐cell function and difference value of fasting insulin. Two hair loss cases were recorded in both treated groups. Although vitamin A needs dose moderation, these results suggest that, high-dose vitamin A plus E supplementation combined with zinc may improve glycemic control, β-cell function, and insulin secretion in adults with T2DM.

在2型糖尿病（T2DM）中，高血糖会导致氧化损伤。维生素A和E具有抗氧化作用，可能有助于控制糖尿病。从来没有研究过高剂量维生素A加E补充锌和不补充锌对T2DM的综合作用。因此，本研究旨在评估和比较高剂量维生素A加E补充剂（AE）与高剂量维生素A加E锌补充剂（AEZ）对不同糖尿病参数的影响。98名T2DM患者被随机分配接受以下任何一种治疗：50,000 IU维生素A和100​​ mg维生素E（AE组，N = 36），等剂量的维生素A和E以及25 mg锌（AEZ组，N = 35） ），或者三个月内没有补充（对照组，N = 27）。与对照组相比，AEZ组的空腹血糖明显降低，餐后2小时血糖和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）的稳态平衡模型β细胞功能评估和空腹胰岛素差异值明显增加。在两个治疗组中记录了两个脱发病例。尽管维生素A需要调节剂量，但这些结果表明，大剂量维生素A加E补充锌可改善T2DM成人的血糖控制，β细胞功能和胰岛素分泌。