Medicinal plant Gentiana lutea is considered as an official drug for gastrointestinal disorders in many pharmacopoeias. Its uncontrolled overexploitation led to the protection regime and encouraged development of in vitro culture. The aim of this work was to chemically characterize root and leaf methanol extracts of plant grown in plantation and in vitro conditions, and to determine their antigenotoxicity against heterocyclic aromatic amines IQ and PhIP, the food-borne mutagens that are formed during high temperature cooking of protein-reach foods.

High yields and growth ratios were determined for in vitro plants. Higher content of polyphenols and flavonoids were determined in aerial parts, while UPLC-MS/MS analysis pointed at the richness of in vitro grown shoot extract (GLvS) in active constituents, and high amounts of gentiopicroside in all tested extracts. Notable amounts of sweroside were detected in plantation root extract (GLR) and in GLvS, and of loganic acid in plantation leaf extract (GLL) and GLvS. Two experimental models for genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity study, i.e. SOS/umuC test with metabolic activation (addition of rat liver S9 fraction) and alkaline comet assay on hepatocellur carcinoma HepG2 cells indicated dual effects: genotoxic of high and antigenotoxic of lower non-genotoxic doses. While in vitro extracts were genotoxic in both models, plantation extracts were active only in SOS/umuC with S9. In contrast, inhibition of genotoxicity was observed in both models for all extracts (up to 83 %). Results of DPPH assay indicated that antioxidativity could be responsible for antigenotoxic properties. In conclusion, genoprotective effect encourages further investigation of antigenotoxicity, while high growth ratio and richness of GLvS in active compounds justify the use of in vitro cultivation method.

药用植物龙胆茶被认为是许多药典中用于胃肠道疾病的官方药物。其不受控制的过度开发导致了保护制度并鼓励了体外培养的发展。这项工作的目的是对在种植园和体外条件下生长的植物的根和叶甲醇提取物进行化学表征，并确定其对杂环芳族胺IQ和PhIP（在高温蒸煮过程中形成的食源性诱变剂）的抗原毒性。蛋白质含量高的食物。

确定了体外植物的高产量和高生长率。在地上部分确定了较高的多酚和类黄酮含量，而UPLC-MS / MS分析指出了活性成分中体外生长的芽提取物（GLvS）的丰富性，以及所有测试提取物中的龙胆苦甙含量很高。在种植根提取物（GLR）和GLvS中检测到明显的苦味苷含量，在种植叶提取物（GLL）和GLvS中检测到了鼠李酸。两种用于遗传毒性/抗原毒性研究的实验模型，即SOS / umuC肝细胞癌HepG2细胞的代谢活化（添加大鼠肝脏S9组分）和碱性彗星试验的试验显示了双重作用：高剂量的基因毒性和较低剂量的非基因毒性。尽管在两种模型中体外提取物均具有遗传毒性，但人工林提取物仅在具有S9的SOS / umuC中具有活性。相反，在两种模型中，对于所有提取物均观察到了遗传毒性的抑制作用（高达83％）。DPPH分析的结果表明，抗氧化作用可能是抗原毒性的原因。总之，基因保护作用鼓励进一步研究抗原毒性，而活性化合物中高生长速率和GLvS的丰富性证明使用体外培养方法是合理的。