Ecosystem service (ES) assessments, which make an explicit link between nature and people’s well-being, can support the management of natural protected areas that face complex and persistent sustainability challenges. We present a case study of ES supply in a biosphere reserve community in southern Mexico. We aimed to identify stakeholder-relevant ES and to analyse trade-offs between them. After engaging local stakeholders, we conducted a biophysical assessment of ES supply and associations across four different land uses. Closed forests and riparian areas, which occurred in different parts of the landscape, supplied high levels of multiple ES. Furthermore, co-produced farming goods and services that supported local livelihoods and conservation-oriented ecosystem services coincided in these four habitats. Together, these habitats provided a diverse array of ES across the landscape, indicating that stakeholders benefited from a multifunctional landscape. At the same time significant trade-offs were found in the supply of forage cover against most other ES, especially tree-based goods and services. These trade-offs revealed conflicts between agricultural land and neighbouring open forests and riparian areas, as well as opposed service demands among beneficiary groups. To address these trade-offs, stakeholders agreed on enhancing forest benefits in order to support both local livelihoods and conservation goals.

生态系统服务（ES）评估将自然与人们的福祉之间建立了明确的联系，可以为面临复杂而持久的可持续性挑战的自然保护区提供支持。我们目前在墨西哥南部生物圈保护区提供ES供应的案例研究。我们旨在确定与利益相关者相关的ES，并分析它们之间的取舍。与当地利益相关者合作后，我们对四种不同土地用途的ES供应和关联进行了生物物理评估。发生在景观不同部分的封闭森林和河岸地区提供了高水平的多种生态系统。此外，在这四个生境中，同时生产了支持当地生计的农业产品和服务以及面向保护的生态系统服务。一起，这些栖息地在整个景观环境中提供了多种多样的ES，表明利益相关者从多功能景观中受益。同时，在针对大多数其他生态系统的草料供应中，尤其是基于树木的商品和服务，存在着重大的取舍。这些权衡取舍显示了农业用地与邻近的开阔森林和河岸地区之间的冲突，以及受益群体之间的服务需求相反。为了解决这些折衷问题，利益相关者同意提高森林效益，以支持当地的生计和保护目标。这些权衡取舍显示了农业用地与邻近的开阔森林和河岸地区之间的冲突，以及受益群体之间的服务需求相反。为了解决这些折衷，利益相关者同意增加森林效益，以支持当地的生计和保护目标。这些权衡取舍显示了农业用地与邻近的开阔森林和河岸地区之间的冲突，以及受益群体之间的服务需求相反。为了解决这些折衷，利益相关者同意增加森林效益，以支持当地的生计和保护目标。